1. IntelliDriveSM Connectivity and the Future of Surface Transportation
Ray Krammes
FHWA Office of Safety RD&T
U.S. Department of Transportation
AASHTO SCOHTS Meeting
Salt Lake City, UT
April 29, 2010
“IntelliDrive is a concept that leverages technology to promote connectivity among vehicles, roadway infrastructure, and consumer electronic devices, to improve safety, enhance mobility, and reduce the environmental impact of surface transportation.”
It’s thru the leveraging of technology to create a richly connected environment where we see substantial opportunity for making surface transportation safer, smarter, and more environmentally friendly.
While there are many technical and non-technical issues still need to be resolved, we see a huge opportunity if we are successful

2. The Problem!!! Safety 40,000 deaths/year 6,000,000 crashes/year
Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34
Environment
2,900,000,000 gallons of wasted fuel
Mobility
4,200,000,000 hours of travel delay
$80,000,000,000 cost of urban congestion

3. It’s All About Connectivity
“The Network”
Opportunity for Innovation
E-payment
Real Time Network Data
Signal Phase and Timing
Situation Relevant Information
Safety Messages
Probe Data
Instrumented Roadside

4. Opportunity for Safer Driving
Greater situational awareness, i.e., your vehicle can “see” nearby vehicles and knows roadway conditions you can’t see
Avoid crashes thru:
Driver Advisories
Driver Warnings
Focus is DSRC 5.9 GHz
Communication can be to or from vehicle (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), and/or nomadic devices (V2D)
Work Zone
Notification
Intersection Collision Avoidance

5. Infrastructure Component
Infrastructure-based systems can serve as starting point for IntelliDriveSM applications, offering immediate benefits is some cases
Many infrastructure-based ITS technologies are already in use or under development to enhance safety
Variable speed limits
Adaptive signal timing systems
Speed-activated curve warning systems
Cooperative intersection collision avoidance systems (CICAS)

6. CICAS—Stop Sign Assist
Problem: Drivers either do not see or underestimate speed of approaching traffic while waiting at rural two-way stop-controlled intersection.
Solution: Infrastructure-based sign provide information on “unsafe” gaps based trajectories of approaching vehicles estimated from roadside sensors
Status:
Piloted in 2008 with good results
3-year field operational testing at 3 intersections
Purpose
Drivers do not see or underestimate the speed of approaching traffic while waiting at a rural two-way stop controlled intersection
Intersections are clear of obstructions and have excellent sight lines
The crashes occur after the vehicle has stopped at the stop sign-not a TCD violation problem
Traditional engineering countermeasures have proven ineffective
Solution
MN DOT and the University of Minnesota have developed an infrastructure based sign using roadside sensors and radars located at the intersection
Assist drivers with judging gap intervals, clearance, and timing
Provide information regarding UNSAFE gaps
Cost of system is the same as a rural signalized retrofit
Unlike signals, this system does not disrupt flow on mainline
Pilot study conducted in Positive Results
Three year field operational test is underway
Two additional intersections will be identified for deployment
Signs will be turned “on” for all passing vehicles
Although system is effective as an infrastructure-based only solution, efforts will be taken to assess the added benefits of vehicle connectivity
In this example: --Mainline traffic approaching from the left is at least 7.5 sec, but less than 11.5 sec away. --Mainline traffic approaching from the right is less than 7.5 sec away.

7. CICAS—Signalized Left Turn Assist
Problem: drivers misjudge gaps in approaching traffic when making left turn on permissive green
Solution: monitor gaps in oncoming through traffic and warn turning driver of “unsafe” gaps
Status: under development
Purpose
Support driver making a left turn on a permissive green light
27% of intersection crashes
Caltrans and UC Berkley are working to develop a countermeasure
Will warn drivers when it is unsafe to make a left turn
Solution
Caltrans and UC Berkley are currently making field observations of driver gap acceptance
Algorithm development is critical – Avoid false alarms
Must account for presence of pedestrians in crosswalk
Solution will involve infrastructure sensing components initially, and then migrate to vehicle connectivity to maximize benefits
Continue to make field observations of driver turning behavior at live intersections
Conduct Human Factors study on driver left-turn movements
Refine algorithm to achieve maximum effectiveness
Determine best practice for signal phase and timing (SPAT) to be broadcast to vehicles from a variety of controllers
Determine most effective interface design and placement

8. V2I Safety Plan Track 1 – Applications Analysis
Selection of safety applications (Sept-Oct 2010)
Track 2 – Prototype Applications
Field Operational Test (FOT) “go/no-go” decision (mid-2012)
Track 3 – Communications, Mapping, and Positioning
Test and evaluate SPaT, issue SPaT policy guidance (mid-2013)
Test and evaluate mapping and positioning solutions
Test and evaluate communication requirements
Track 4 – Benefits Assessment
Perform FOTs based on selected safety applications ( )
Track 5 – Deployment Planning
Development of toolbox for practitioners and Public Agency Guidelines (2014)

9. Challenges Some of the major items:
Industry adopted standards for national interoperability
Security
Scalability
Financing model
Deployment scenario
Governance structure
Quantifying benefits 9

10. Opportunities to Participate
Input to IntelliDriveSM safety research program
Participate in upcoming stakeholder webinars and meetings
Contact:
RITA ITS JPO:
FHWA: or

11. AASHTO Involvement AASHTO IntelliDriveSM Working Group
AASHTO IntelliDriveSM Strategic Plan
NCHRP FY 2011 Project supporting implementation of AASHTO Strategic Plan
IntelliDriveSM Transportation Pooled-Fund Study TPF-5(206)
Contact Jim Wright,

12. For More Information… 12