1. The Scramble for Africa
What were the motives of European colonizers during the scramble for Africa?

2. What is Imperialism? – a policy where a stronger country tries to dominate weaker countries politically, socially, or economically
Type of Imperialism
Definition
A country or territory directly governed by a foreign power.
1. Colony
A country or territory with its own gov but their gov is influenced by a foreign power.
2. Protectorate
3. Sphere of Influence
Independent country in which a foreign power claims exclusive economic privileges
4. Economic Imperialism
An independent country controlled by a private business or business interests.
Why does Imperialism happen?
Industrial revolution caused many countries to start competing with each other for resources & new markets

3. Why Europeans Show Interest?
Exploration of Africa
Mid 1800s: Africa was divided into various kingdoms/tribes
European countries controlled a few coastlines (10%) – Why?
1. Europeans could not navigate the rivers of interior Africa
2. Lack of interest kept Europeans out of interior Africa
Why Europeans Show Interest?
Steam engine, made it possible for Europeans to navigate interior rivers
David Livingstone explores interior Africa, interest rises, although his goal was to convert Africans to Christianity
Livingstone disappears. American newspaper hires Henry Stanley to try to find him

4. Livingstone Explores Africa – Answer ques in notes
Voices from the Past: David Livingstone (answer in notes)
What newspaper sent Stanley to find Livingstone?
What does Stanley do at Tanginika and what does he find?
What monarch is interested in Stanley’s travels?
How does their meeting contribute to the colonization of Africa?
Livingstone Explores Africa – Answer ques in notes
5. What was the reason David Livingstone explored Africa?
6. How was Africa perceived by most Europeans and how Livingstone’s journey change those perceptions?
7. What two African lakes did Livingstone explore? (map)
8. What was the significance of Livingstone’s explorations?

5. An African Holocaust
After finding Livingstone, Stanley explores along the Congo River
Explorations attract the interest of Belgian King Leopold II
King Leopold hires Stanley to obtain land in the Congo, wanting minerals & rubber in the region – says he is there to help Africans
10 million Africans die due to abuses during Leopold’s rule
When Belgian Gov takes Belgian Congo from Leopold, rest of Europe wants a land in Africa, mad scramble begins

6. 3. What point in the cartoonist trying Netherlands
Mad Scramble for Africa Political Cartoon
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Germany
France
Belgium
Britain
1. Identify the countries in the cartoon
2. Identify the action in the cartoon
3. What point in the cartoonist trying
to make?
Netherlands

7. Berlin Conference
The discovery of diamonds and gold intensify the scramble
1884: to prevent conflict, European nations meet at the Berlin Conference to lay down rules for the colonization of Africa
Pol Cartoon: Discuss symbols, actions & viewpoint in the cartoon
Most powerful countries would claim areas they wanted first
African leaders or people are not consulted

8. 1) Europeans want raw materials for their factories + new markets
Why Does Imperialism happen in Africa?
1) Europeans want raw materials for their factories + new markets
2) Wanted to gain new colonies for national pride/power
3) Racism & Social Darwinism (survival of fittest applies to humans)
4) Missionaries wanted to convert Africa to Christianity
How does Imperialism happen in Africa?
1) Technological advances: weapons, steam engine, medicine & communications
2) Variety of cultures and languages keep Africans disunified
How does this affect Africans?
1. Cash crops instead of “food” crops – causes famine
2. Different ethnic groups forced together into a country