1. Somatic (body) cells reproduce by mitosis
Somatic (body) cells reproduce by mitosis. Gametes are produced by the process of meiosis. Compared to the parent cells, how many chromosomes are found in gametes? A. One-fourth the number of chromosomes B. The same number of chromosomes C. Twice the number of chromosomes D. Half the number of chromosomes

2. Creation of offspring from a single parent
Asexual reproduction
Creation of offspring from a single parent
Does not involve joining of gametes or sex cells
Some eukaryotes uses mitosis as a form of asexual reproduction

4. Binary fission Bi- two; Fission- Split
Asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism.
Most prokaryotes

5. MEIOSIS
SC.912.L.16.16Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over. Explain how reduction division results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores.

6. Chromosome activity
CUT OUT THE CHROMOSOMES

7. ANSWER

9. Chromosomes and meiosis
Homologous chromosomes- two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance.
Inherit one from your mother and one from your father
Autosomes- Chromosome Pairs 1-22
Contains hundreds of genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism.

11. Homologous chromosome vs sister chromatid
Homologous chromosome are two separate chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad)
Sister chromatid- duplicate chromosomes that are attach by the centromere.

12. Diploid vs haploid

13. Diploid vs haploid
Diploid- 2 copies of a chromosome
Somatic or body cells
Haploid- 1 copy of a chromosome
Sex Cells

14. Chromosomes and meiosis
Sex Chromosomes- Chromosomes that control the sex of the organism.
23rd pair
Can be XY (Boy) or XX (Girl)

15. Sexual reproduction
Fertilization of an egg cell and sperm cell (zygote)
Half of chromosomes come from the egg cell and the other half from the sperm cell.

17. What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce.
Makes gametes or sex cells
Purpose is to make 4 sex cells that are genetically different.

18. Prophase I
Chromosomes duplicate in Interphase
Nuclear Membrane breaks down
Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
Spindle Fibers start to assembly

20. Prophase I continued
Homologous chromosomes (one from mon and one from dad) come together
Also during prophase 1 crossing over (mom and dad chromosome will swap pieces)
Exchange of genetic info
Creates a variety of genetic information (recombination)

21. Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Metaphase I
Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Chromosomes are in pairs.

22. 2 3 =8 different combinations

23. Metaphase 1 and independent assortment
The order the chromosomes line up
Two different ways each pair can line up, so

24. Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
Anaphase I
Chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers.

25. Telophase I Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes. Cell splits
2 new cells with 46 chromosomes.

26. Prophase 2
Nuclear Membrane breaks down
Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
Spindle Fibers start to assembly

27. Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Metaphase 2
Chromosomes line up in the middle.

28. Anaphase 2
    Chromosomes split apart

29. Cells divide into 4 cells Each cell has 23 chromosomes
Telophase 2
Cells divide into 4 cells Each cell has 23 chromosomes

30. Somatic (body) cells reproduce by mitosis
Somatic (body) cells reproduce by mitosis. Gametes are produced by the process of meiosis. Compared to the parent cells, how many chromosomes are found in gametes? A. One-fourth the number of chromosomes B. The same number of chromosomes C. Twice the number of chromosomes * D. Half the number of chromosomes

31. SC.912.L Assessment
The diagram shows two homologous chromosomes before and after meiosis occurred. What process caused the arms of the chromosomes to be in different places after meiosis?
A. Sex linkage
B. Codominance
C. Crossing over
D. Independent assortment
Answer: C

32. Some species have greater genetic diversity than other species
Some species have greater genetic diversity than other species. Which of the following statements explains why some species have greater genetic diversity?
Sexual reproduction results in multiple genetic combinations found in the diploid cells of a single offspring.
The simplicity of asexually reproducing species results in a greater production of offspring and genetic information.
Meiosis involved crossing over, resulting in greater variation of genetic information in spores and gametes in these species.
Mitosis produces complex haploid spores or gametes that combine to contain double the genetic information in these species.
Answer: C

33. Sperm cells of the Russian dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus, contain 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that would be contained in a normal, newly formed zygote of this species?
A. 7
B. 14
C. 28
D. 42
Answer: C