1. The Integumentary System
More Than Skin Deep
Cell Cycle

2. TAKS
TAKS Objective 2 – The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment.

3. TEKS
The student knows the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics. The student is expected to
describe components of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); and illustrate how information fro specifying traits of an organism is carried in the DNA;
explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and ribonucleic acid

4. Engage Humans shed their entire epidermis every 15 to 30 days.
Bloodhounds detect this upon tracking

5. Explore 1: Cell Cycle Research
Student will complete a cell cycle diagram with detailed description of cellular activity in each of the cell cycle phases.

6. Cell Cycle

7. Explain: Cell Cycle
All cells constantly replace themselves by a process called mitosis, which is a small section of the cell cycle.
New skin cells push the older generation of cells toward the surface of the skin, where they are finally shed as a flake-like, lifeless, residue

8. What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?
includes
M phase
(Mitosis)
Interphase
is divided into
is divided into
G1 phase
S phase
Prophase
G2 phase
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase

9. The Cell Cycle?
Cell cycle - changes a cell goes through during its life span.
contains 2 main steps.
1.Interphase (LONGEST phase of the cell cycle and has three parts)
G1 (Everyday Cellular Activity)
S (DNA Synthesis)
G2 (Other Organelles Replicated)
2. M-Phase or Mitotic Phase (Shortest phase)
Mitosis (Nuclear Division)
Cytokinesis (Cytoplasm Division)

10. Explore 2: S Phase Berry Full of DNA Lab

11. Photo 51
Scientific contributions to the discovery of the DNA structure.

12. Review: Interphase (G1)
What is the main purpose of a cell that is in G1?
G1 Phase: During this stage the cell is carrying on its everyday activities.
If the cell’s surface to volume ratio gets too big then the cell must get ready to divide.
Do some cells entering a resting state?
What is this phase called?
G0 Phase: Resting State - Some cells leave the cell cycle and stay here much longer than others ex) brain, nerve, etc…

13. Explain: DNA Nucleotides Purines Pyrimidines Section 12-1
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Phosphate group
Deoxyribose

14. Structure of DNA Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone
Section 12-1
Hydrogen bonds
Nucleotide
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

15. DNA
Deoxyribose Sugar
Base Pairs
A-T G-C
Phosphate

16. What is a Nucleotide?
The basic building block of nucleic acids containing a sugar, base, and a phosphate. P B S
S = Deoxyribose Sugar or Ribose Sugar
B = Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine or Uracil
P = Phosphate

17. Sugar

18. Bases (Nitrogenous Bases)
These chemicals are often called nitrogenous bases because of the high content of nitrogen (N) atoms

19. Purines

20. Pyrimidines
1) Cytosine (C)
2) Thymine (T)
3) Uracil (U)

21. Phosphate
            

22. Nucleotide
The Sugar and the Phosphate make up the backbone of the structure
The bases make up the rungs of the ladder

23. Different Types of Nucleotides in DNA
Deoxy---Adenine | P
Deoxy----Thymine
Deoxy---Cytosine
Deoxy----Guanine

24. Many Nucleotides Together

25. Parts of DNA and RNA Have a Sugar/Phosphate Backbone
Bases make up the steps of the ladder
A-T---DNA
A-U---RNA
G-C---DNA & RNA

26. DNA Structure

27. Practice
On your paper, complete the missing DNA strand by adding the complementary bases.
A T C G T T G C C A T C
T A G C A A C G G T A G

29. DNA Replication A Closer Look
DNA before replication: 1 double helix
DNA after replication: 2 identical double helixes

30. DNA Replication Section 12-2 Original strand New strand Growth
Replication fork
DNA polymerase
New strand
Original strand
Nitrogenous bases

31. Getting Ready

32. Step 1 Unwinding and Unzipping

33. Unwind and Unzip Helicase Enzyme

34. Step 2 Separates Polymerase Enzyme

35. Step 3 Picking up Complementary Bases

36. Separation and Adding Bases 5’----3’

37. Step 4 Rewind

38. Two New DNA Molecules
Each DNA Molecule with a Parent and Daughter Strand

39. Interphase (G2)
G2 phase: The rest of the cell’s organelles are reproduced.

40. Elaborate: DNA Jewelry