1. Chapter 15 and 16
Review

2. Question
What did Darwin observe when he visited the Galapagos Islands?

3. Answer
He observed similar species on each island who had traits suited to their particular environments.

4. Question
What was the structural adaptation of the finches that Darwin observed?

5. Answer
They had different shaped beaks.

6. Question
What did Darwin wonder after seeing the finches and the tortoises on the Galapagos Islands?

7. Answer
He wondered if they had originated from the same ancestral species.

8. Question
After Darwin observed the different species and their locations, he came up with what theory?

9. Answer
The theory of evolution.

10. Question
What did James Hutton and Charles Lyell conclude?

11. Answer
The earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.

12. Question
Lamarck hypothesized that new organs in a species occur as the result of………?

13. Answer
Use or nonuse of body structures

14. Question
Who wrote “On the Origin of Species”, and when was it published?

15. Answer
Darwin-1859

16. Question
Why do some individuals of a species tend to survive better than others?

17. Answer
Survival of the fittest-they have variations that are best suited to the environment.

18. Question
Explain the theory of evolution.

19. Answer
It states that species change over time.

20. Question
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on what two things?

21. Answer
Natural selection and heritable variation

22. Question
What is a gene pool?

23. Answer
All of the genes of a particular population.

24. Question
The sum frequency of all alleles for a trait is equal to what percentage?

25. Answer
100%

26. Question
What are two sources of gene variations?

27. Answer
Gene shuffling
mutations

28. Question
A single-gene trait that has two alleles will have how many phenotypes?

29. Answer 2

30. Question
What is a polygenic trait?

31. Answer
It is a trait that has many genotypes and phenotypes.

32. Question
What is genetic equilibrium?

33. Answer
It is where the allele frequencies of a population remain constant.

34. Question
What is geographic isolation?

35. Answer
It is where populations are separated by barriers like rivers, and mountains.

36. Question
What is an example of behavioral isolations?

37. Answer
Two bird species that will not mate because of different songs to attract mates.

38. Question
What is the difference between natural and artificial selection?

39. Answer
Natural selection occurs randomly or naturally in the environment.
Artificial selection occurs when humans select the variations.

40. Question
What is fitness?

41. Answer
The ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

42. Question
What is descent with modification?

43. Answer
It states that species today look a lot different than their ancestors.

44. Question
What is temporal isolation?

45. Answer
It is where two or more species reproduce at different times.

46. Question
What type of population would most likely remain in genetic equilibrium?

47. Answer
A population where there are identical organisms because no individual would have a significant advantage in survival or reproduction.

48. Question
What is the Hardy-Weinburg principle?

49. Answer
Allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change.

50. Question
Under what 5 conditions does the Hardy-Weinberg principle hold?

51. Answer Random mating The population is very large
No movement into or out of the population
No mutations
No natural selection