1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURAL UNITS
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURAL UNITS

2. Anatomy and Physiology
Studies the shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one part to another
Physiology
the function of each body part
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3. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Study of large and easily observable structures
Done through dissection
Microscopic Anatomy
Performed with a microscope
2 Branches
Cytology-cells
Histology-tissues and organs
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Developmental Anatomy
Growth and development during a lifecycle
Comparative Anatomy
Comparing humans to animals
Systematic Anatomy
Study of the structure and function of various organs and organ systems
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Anatomical Terms
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6. Left and Right in Anatomy
Refers to the figures Left or Right not “your” left and Right
So the figures left and Right is going to be opposite of your own.
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Terms Referring to Location or Position and Direction
Anterior or ventral (means front)
Posterior or dorsal (means back)
Cranial (skull end) and caudal (tail end)
Superior (upper) and inferior (lower)
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Terms Referring to Location or Position and Direction
Medial (towards the middle) and lateral (away from)
Proximal (toward the point of attachment to the body) and distal (away from the point of attachment)
Superficial or external (on or near the surface of the body)
Deep or internal (the internal body)
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Terms Referring to Body Planes and Sections (imaginary lines that divide body structures)
Sagittal plane (divides into right and left)
Coronal (frontal) plane (divides into anterior and posterior)
Transverse plane (horizonal cut that divides into upper and lower parts)
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Terms Referring to Cavities of the Body
Dorsal cavity (brain and spinal cord)
Cranial cavity (brain)
Spinal cavity (spinal cord)
Thoracic cavity (chest)
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Terms Referring to Cavities of the Body
Abdominopelvic cavity (abdomen and pelvis)
Abdominal cavity (stomach liver etc.)
Pelvic cavity (bladder, uterus, rectum)
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
Smaller Cavities
Orbital cavity
Eyes
Nasal cavity
Cavities that form the nose
Buccal cavity
Teeth and tongue
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LIFE FUNCTIONS
Movement
Ingestion
Digestion
Transport
Respiration
Synthesis
p.6 table 1-1
Write the correct body system with each function
Assimilation
Growth
Secretion
Excretion
Regulation
Reproduction
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Early in human development, certain groups of cells become highly specialized for specific functions.
Special cells grouped according to function, shape, size, and structure are called tissues.
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Tissues form larger structural units known as organs.
Groups of organs that work together to perform a specific function are called an organ system.
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BODY PROCESSES
Metabolism
Anabolism (building up of from simpler materials)
Catabolism (breaking down and changing complex materials to simpler ones)
Homeostasis (the sum of both anabolism and catabolism) (=)
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Activity
With a partner draw a person in anatomical position and a side view. Pretend your pencil is a scalpel and divide the body into each of the body planes. Label these. Draw a diagram of the different body cavities and label them p. 4 in the orange anatomy book has an example Individually complete the review questions p.8
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