1. The Legacy of the War

2. I. Background Terminology
Armistice
An agreement amongst 2 countries at war to end the fighting and move to peace negotiations
Realism
An ideology that supports practicality, and not going beyond literal interpretation
Idealist
thinking of things in their ideal form rather than as they really are
Self-determination
Freedom of the people of a given area to determine their own political status; independence.

3. II. Moving Towards Peace
Ideas Discussed Today
US President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points for peace
The Paris Peace Conference
The Treaty of Versailles
Self-Determination
War Guilt Clause

4. III. The Fourteen Points
Who/Author: U.S. President Wilson
What: A document to be presented at the Paris Peace Conference
When: January 1918
Where: Written in the USA, used in Paris
Why: to establish the basis for peace
How: See next slide for details

5. IV. Aspects to Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
Internationalism:
Points 1-5
How countries should work together
Nationalism threatens this concept
Self-Determination should be granted
Dealing with ‘The Conquered’:
Points 6-8
Ethnic Desires & the Creation of Homelands:
Points 9-14
Specifically Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats & Poles

6. V. The Paris Peace Conference 1919
A. Purpose: to prevent another war & outline the grounds for peace
B. Who Attended
Allied powers: Br, France, US & Canada
Leaders from around the world
Germany is not in attendance
C. The Treaty of Versailles
Different Perspectives in its creation
In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused.

7. Country
Leader
View
Wanted…
USA
Woodrow Wilson
Idealist
Just & lasting peace
Creation of the League of Nations
Democracy
France
Georges Clemenceau
Realist
Dismember Germany
Revenge
Guaranteed safety
Germany should be stripped of colonies
Britain
David Lloyd George
In Between
Revenge & reparations but not to cripple Germany
Feared refugees & communism
Wanted a trading partner in Germany

8. The Paris Peace Conference 1919 continued…
Self-determination
Ethnic groups vote on where to go
Creation of homelands (Czech & Yugos.)
See Falk for the exceptions to self-determination\
The War Guilt Clause
Germany assumes all responsibility for the war by signing the Treaty
Or ELSE….Allies resume all hostilities

9. VI. Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
See Falk end of Ch 2/ These are testable and quizzable.
A. But briefly here:
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
Poland was ‘created’
There was always Poland but it was under Russian territory before the war
During the war it was taken over by German
Germany’s army was limited to 100,000 with similar restrictions to its navy and air force
Unification of Austria and Germany was forbidden
League of Nations was ratfied

10. VII. Impact of theTreaty of Versailles
Inconsistent
self-determination not given to everyone
led to increased nationalistic sentiments
Germans…
Thought it was too harsh
Anger & bitterness fuels feelings of revenge
Hitler later exploits these feelings to get into power

11. VIII. Canada Matures as a Result of WWI
Growth
Economic & military growth due to role in the war
Immigration increased
Independence
No longer thought of as Br. colony
International Recognition
Cnd troops recognized in battle
Given a seat in the League of Nations