1. Physical Science EOC Review

2. Who is the Father of Atomic Theory?

3. Thomson’s Experiment:
In Thomson’s model of the atom, the negative charges are scattered throughout an atom filled with a positively charged mass of matter.
The “plum pudding” model

4. What did this experiment prove?
Beam of Alpha-Particles were
REPELED by Positive Charges in the nucleus

5. Atomic Theory: Who’s Model of the Atom?
Neils Bohr

6. Electron Cloud
An ______ _______is a visual model of the most likely locations for electrons in an atom.
– Physical Science – Elements, Compounds, and Atoms
An Orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found.
* An electron cloud is a good approximation of how
electrons behave in their orbitals.

7. Atomic Structure Basics:
Protons: positively charged particles, weighing 1 atomic mass unit (1.67x10-24 grams) and located in the nucleus.
Neutrons: neutrally charged particles, weighing approximately 1 atomic mass unit and located in the nucleus.
Electrons: negatively charged particles , weighing zero atomic mass units, located in orbitals of the energy levels found outside the atomic nucleus
From

8. Atomic Number:
The number of protons in an atom determines what element it is.
Add or subtract even one proton from an atom of any element and you no longer have the original element in any form. Now you have a different element!
Play the Name the Atom Game at:

9. Periodic Table Basics:
Essential Question: What are Horizontal Rows called?
Answer: PERIODS

10. Electron Configuration
The “Period” number is equal to the number of energy levels in an atom
Remember: The number of electrons are equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom

11. What are Groups on the Periodic Table?
Essential Question: Groups are also known as Families of Elements.
They share chemical properties. WHY?
Answer: They have the same number of outer shell electrons.

12. Electron Configuration
For Groups IA – VIII the group numbers are equal to the number of outer shell electrons or valence electrons
Group “IA” has ONE valence electron
Group “IIA” has TWO valence electrons; etc.

13. Name that GROUP: The Alkali Metals IA = one outer shell electrons
therefore Oxidation state? +1

14. Name that GROUP: The Alkali Earth Metals
IIA = two outer shell electrons
Oxidation state? +2

15. Name that GROUP: The Noble Gases
VIIIA = eight outer shell electrons (except Helium which has 2 but is FULL)
therefore Oxidation state?
NOT!

16. Name that GROUP: The HALOGENS The Salt Formers
VIIA = SEVEN outer shell electrons
therefore Oxidation state? -1

17. Name that GROUP: The Transition Metals
B series = usually 2 or 3 outer shell electrons
therefore Oxidation state?
+2 or +3

18. Chemical Bonding: Ionic Covalent Metallic Three types of bonding
Game: Ionic Bonding
Bonding Animations and short clips
AWESOME MOVIE ON BONDING
30 minutes long

19. Atomic Structure:
How many neutrons in the following isotopes?
Hydrogen – 1
Helium – 4
Lithium – 6
Sodium – 22

20. More Isotope stuff… X H H (D) H (T) U A Z 1 2 3 235 92 238 Mass Number
Atomic Number
Element Symbol

21. Nuclear Energy Essential Questions:
Why is it worth the RISK??
Tremendous OUTPUT of ENERGY!!
Fission or Fusion?
Fission! Atoms of U-235 are split
Use the link to see how Nuclear Fusion works:
McQuire Nuclear Power Station. The view from Hwy 16 in route to Charlotte. A “leak” would be a disaster for my sisters family as well as US!!

22. Heat energy:
Direction of Energy Flow?
HOT toward COLD

23. States of Matter
Watch what happens to molecules when heated by doing cool virtual experiments.
Click on the icon below to get started:

24. Change of Phase FIRST DO THIS Temperature Experiment By Clicking Here!
To Understand this Graph CLICK HERE

25. Chemical or Physical Change?
Chemical Change
Physical Change
New substances formed with new properties
Examples:
Rusting
Gas forming during a reaction (bubbles)
A precipitant forming during a reaction
No new substances formed
Examples:
Ice melting
Water evaporating
Dry ice subliming into Carbon dioxide
Salt or sugar dissolving in water

26. Types of Matter:
Review basics about classifying matter by following the link below.
Watch the video clips!
Make sure you scroll all the way down to the chart to test your knowledge!

27. Where is Magnetism Concentrated?
Magnetism is strongest at the
POLES

28. Magnetic Domains :
Not aligned:
Magnetic domains are ALIGNED in a permanent magnet :

29. What happens if you cut a magnet in half?
Each Part has a North and a south pole. S N S N

30. Electricity and Magnetism:

31. Get in line!

32. Electromagnets:
What Happens if you increase the number of coils in an electromagnet?
The magnet gets STRONGER!

33. Induction charging of two metal spheres:
from:

34. See http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/estatics/u8l2b.cfm

35. Potential Energy: PEgrav = mass • g • height
From
PEgrav = mass • g • height
Too hard to remember? Use the Reference Table!

36. Answer key: Note since PEgrav = m *• g • h
Doubling of the height will result in a doubling of the gravitational potential energy.
A tripling of the height will result in a tripling of the gravitational potential energy.
A: PE = 40 J (since the same mass is elevated to 4/5-ths height of the top stair)
B: PE = 30 J (since the same mass is elevated to 3/5-ths height of the top stair)
C: PE = 20 J (since the same mass is elevated to 2/5-ths height of the top stair)
D: PE = 10 J (since the same mass is elevated to 1/5-ths height of the top stair)
E and F: PE = 0 J (since the same mass is at the same zero height position as shown for the bottom stair
Fromhttp://