1. Low-Cost Self-Cleaning Concrete and Stone Surfaces K. Cyrus Robinson armONx 1 June 2009

2. armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions2 Introduction Concrete (or stone) is often used aesthetically, but is: Concrete (or stone) is often used aesthetically, but is: – Porous Liquids penetrate and persist Liquids penetrate and persist – Mold, fungi Likely to stain deeply Likely to stain deeply – Difficult to clean Dirty Surfaces are Ugly Dirty Surfaces are Ugly

3. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions3 Introduction Can we keep it clean? Concrete is everywhere –and easy to stain…

4. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions4 Introduction Stains (oils, foods, etc.) may spoil clean pavers appearance Stains (oils, foods, etc.) may spoil clean pavers appearance

5. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions5 Introduction Roof tiles often become infested with mold Roof tiles often become infested with mold

6. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions6 Introduction Some walls have had permanent ink dashed on them Some walls have had permanent ink dashed on them

7. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions7 Introduction Good appearance requires care to maintain Good appearance requires care to maintain – Pressure washing poured concrete Does not remove deep stains Does not remove deep stains – Replacing pavers/stone Takes some skill Takes some skill Must be done each time these are stained Must be done each time these are stained Must keep extra pavers/stone, perhaps for years Must keep extra pavers/stone, perhaps for years – Pressure washing roof tiles (mold, fungi) Ladders; risk - cost Ladders; risk - cost

8. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions8 Introduction 1. Firstly, could we modify the porous surface of these materials to make it less permeable? 2. Secondly, could it take care of itself, help keep itself clean to minimize maintenance? – Could the surface spontaneously remove new soils, or self-clean?

9. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions9 Introduction: Use a Sealer? Many Sealers available: Many Sealers available:

10. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions10 Introduction: Use a sealer? Note, no existing sealers are Self- Cleaning Note, no existing sealers are Self- Cleaning Is this dual Self-Cleaning/Sealing action obtainable? Is this dual Self-Cleaning/Sealing action obtainable? –At a reasonable cost? –With a single, durable application?

11. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions11 Solution Our treatment makes these materials persistently self-cleaning, with the natural action of the elements Our treatment makes these materials persistently self-cleaning, with the natural action of the elements –Low cost (cents/sqft) –Durable –Not a film or membrane - cannot bubble, crack or delaminate –No significant change in appearance, nor slippery when wet

12. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions12 Data: Test Method 1. Treat concrete pavers, poured concrete and stone of variable quality & color 2. Drip same volume of used engine oil onto treated and untreated samples According to EPA, oil is: slow to degrade, insoluble, hazardous, contains heavy metalsAccording to EPA, oil is: slow to degrade, insoluble, hazardous, contains heavy metalsEPA 3. Document stain removal effectiveness and cost

13. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions13 Data 6 x 6 Paver divided into four quadrants 6 x 6 Paver divided into four quadrants One coat Two coats No protection Oil does not penetrate; it spreads out Oil drops Clear in two weeks time Firstly:Later:Finally:

14. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions14 Data Pavers (pictures taken before oil faded completely) Pavers (pictures taken before oil faded completely) Depending on the material, two coats may work faster than one Oil spreads No protection One coatTwo coats One coatTwo coats

15. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions15 Data Stone - Travertine Stone - Travertine Treated 3 areas Four Oil spots Clear, less than 10 days Stained

16. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions16 Data Sand between pavers or stone Sand between pavers or stone –Stabilized (cemented) Rain does not dislodge Rain does not dislodge –Weed germination impeded Less weed killers … Less weed killers …

17. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions17 Data Poured Concrete Poured Concrete UntreatedTreated (one coat) Two weeks elapsed

18. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions18 Data Fading of Permanent Marker ink Fading of Permanent Marker ink –Accelerated weathering, tough, opaque pigments erode & flake off faster Untreated; little change Treated; about 10% faded Twenty Day Exposure Day 0 Day 20

19. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions19 Data Fading of Permanent Marker ink (contd) Fading of Permanent Marker ink (contd) –Standard cleaning works better on treated, impermeable surface; self-cleaning effect continues Much ink removed Degreaser & detergent used Day 0Day 20 Remainder self-cleans

20. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions20 Data Flexible schedule to clean treated surfaces: Flexible schedule to clean treated surfaces: –Rinse off organics with water (within hours) –Use standard cleaners (within days) –Self-cleaning (within weeks)

21. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions21 Data Quick drying surface Quick drying surface –Limits mold, fungi Treated Untreated Dry Still Wet 10 minutes Wet Surface

22. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions22 Data Moldy decorative concrete curbing Moldy decorative concrete curbing –Manually removed fungal growth (1x2) After two months hot, rainy season - no mold After two months hot, rainy season - no mold Moldy area Manually cleaned off mold, then treated Months pass, no mold Painters tape

23. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions23 Data Roof Tile application Roof Tile application –Dual action discourages fungal growth: Moisture quickly dries Moisture quickly dries Surface actively breaks down organics Surface actively breaks down organics

24. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions24 Data Lower Quality materials perform like Higher Quality Lower Quality materials perform like Higher Quality –Subsurface durably modified at the molecular level

25. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions25 Data Example: Paver – –Porous, lower-quality concrete paver with transmission oil pooled in the center – –Oil gone from treated area Treated AreaUntreated Area Twenty Day Exposure in Partial Shade

26. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions26 Data What if the surface already has soaked-in, months-old organic contamination? What if the surface already has soaked-in, months-old organic contamination? –Prepare surface as instructed, then treat –Treatment fades existing stains in driveway below (~1 x 2), as well as new stains Day 0Day 10 Experiment is ongoing. Day 28 New stainNew stain fading More new stains

27. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions27 Conclusion This Patent Pending Treatment: Is easy to use Is easy to use Does not change the appearance of the surface or make it slippery when wet Does not change the appearance of the surface or make it slippery when wet Makes the surface durably impermeable Makes the surface durably impermeable –impedes stain or moisture penetration, as well as efflorescence –permits vapor transmission

28. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions28 Conclusion This Patent Pending Treatment: Is not a film or membrane Is not a film or membrane –cannot delaminate, crack or wear off independently of the surface Gently works on driveways and parking lots (engine oil), inks (graffiti), etc. Gently works on driveways and parking lots (engine oil), inks (graffiti), etc. Is effective on roof tiles, discouraging fungal growth Is effective on roof tiles, discouraging fungal growth

29. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions29 Conclusion This Patent Pending Treatment: Stabilizes (cements) the sand between pavers or stone and inhibits weeds from germinating Stabilizes (cements) the sand between pavers or stone and inhibits weeds from germinating Makes standard cleaning easier, since soils do not penetrate Makes standard cleaning easier, since soils do not penetrate Contains zero VOCs Contains zero VOCs Uses safer ingredients of proven reliability Uses safer ingredients of proven reliability

30. 1 June 2009 armONx Proprietary -- Use Pursuant to Company Instructions30 Conclusion Questions: Questions: –Contact: K Cyrus Robinson K Cyrus Robinson cyrus@armONx.com cyrus@armONx.com cyrus@armONx.com 610.704.8795 610.704.8795