1. Dictators Threaten World Peace
World War II
Dictators Threaten World Peace

2. Treaty of Versailles Treaty that ended World War I
Germany could not build a military
Germany gave up its colonies
Germany had to pay reparations to France and Britain
War Guilt Clause – Germany accepted FULL responsibility for World War I

3. Europe and the Depression
The Great Depression was a world wide event, and hit Europe hard too
As Countries experienced economic hardships many governments were overthrown

4. Soviet Union Russia became the Communist Soviet Union in 1922
Communism – government controls business and industry

5. Soviet Union Joseph Stalin – leader of Soviet Union
Government took over all farms and industry
By 1937 – SU was the world’s 2nd largest industrial power

6. Totalitarianism Stalin kills anyone who stands in his way.
Stalin’s regime killed approximately 8-13 million Russians during his reign.
Totalitarian Government – individuals have no rights, the government eliminates all opposition.

7. Italy
Benito Mussolini establishes totalitarianism in Italy called Fascism
Called “Il Duce” (The Leader)

8. Fascism
Fascism – extreme nationalism where interest of the state is over the interest of the individual.
Power must rest in a single strong leader

9. Germany
Weimar Republic – democratic government set up after World War I
Germany elected members of the Nazi Party to lead positions.
Adolf Hitler – became Chancellor of Germany

10. Germany – Adolf Hitler Writes autobiography: Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Elected as Chancellor
Disassembles Weimar Republic
Sets up the Third Reich

12. Hitler’s Convictions
Hitler’s plan for Germany summarized in “Race and Space”
Uniting German speaking people with Germany
Racial Purification – Aryan master race
Expand the borders of Germany for more land and resources.

13. Skill Builder Pg 530

14. Comp/Contrast Totalitarian Leaders
Graphic Pg 531
Comp/Contrast Totalitarian Leaders

15. Expansion Starts Axis Powers develop – Italy, Germany, Japan
Start expanding their power through conquests:
Japan – Manchuria
Italy – Ethiopia
Germany - Europe

16. Japan Needed more resources and land
1931- Invaded Chinese province of Manchuria
Success of the invasion gave militarists control of Japan.

17. Invasion of Manchuria

18. Skill Builder pg 530

19. Italy
Italy invades Ethiopia for more natural resources.

20. US Response Isolationism – staying out of the world’s conflicts.
1935 – Neutrality Acts
Made it illegal to sell weapons or loan money to countries who were at war.
Political Cartoon Pg 534
Skill Builder

21. Political Cartoon Activity
In groups, analyze political cartoons of Dr. Seuss to decipher his opinions about isolationism.
EVERYONE will write answers to turn in with their daily work packets.

22. Practice

23. Group 1

24. Group 2

25. Group 3

26. Group 4

27. Group 5

28. War in Europe
Chapter 16
Section 2

29. Appeasement Britain and France could not afford to fight another war.
Developed policy of appeasement with Hitler
Appeasement – giving up principles to pacify an aggressor

30. The Anschluss Austria had a large German-speaking population
March 12, 1938 – German troops march into Austria and take over.
No consequences from the world.

32. The Anschluss

33. Czechoslovakia
3 million German speaking people lived on the western border called the Sudetenland
Hitler wanted Czechoslovakia for land and resources.
Hitler calls a meeting with France and Britain.

35. Munich Conference Munich Conference included:
Germany, France, and Britain
Hitler called the Sudetenland his “last territorial demand”
Britain and France agreed to avoid war.
Sep. 30, 1938 – Munich Agreement signed.

36. Munich Agreement

37. Non-Aggression Pact March 15, 1939 August 23, 1939
Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
August 23, 1939
Stalin (SU) and Hitler (Germany) sign a Non-aggression Pact promising not to attack each other.
Secret Pact – divide Poland after invasion
Eliminated the fear of 2-front war.

38. Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
Blitzkrieg – “Lightning Warfare”
Uses tanks and aircraft to push through quick
Luftwaffe (German Air force) bombed Poland’s military bases and infrastructure

40. Blitzkrieg

41. Invasion of Poland

42. Invasion of Poland
Sep 3, 1939 – Britain and France declare war on Germany
Took over 3 weeks to build up a defense system.

44. The Phony War
French and British troops sit and protect the Maginot Line
Maginot Line –defense border built between France and Germany

46. The Phony War

47. Phony War Ends
April 9, 1940 – Hitler launched surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway
To build bases along the coasts to attack Great Britain
Then, took over Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
Phony war ends by end of May 1940

49. Fall of France Germany worked its way around the Maginot Line:
Invasion of Belgium gave them access
Ardennes Forrest – Britain and France thought it was impossible to attack through.

53. Troops flee to Dunkirk
Almost 400,000 British and French soldiers flee to beaches of Dunkirk, France
Used fishing boats and barges to get people to Britain across the English Channel.

56. Battle of Britain Summer 1940 – Luftwaffe began bombing Britain
Was trying to destroy the RAF (Britain’s Royal Airforce)
Bombed London every night for 2 months.

58. Battle of Britain
Invention of radar allowed them to fight German planes in the dark.
Hitler eventually called off the invasion of Britain indefinitely.
“Never in the field of human conflict, was so much owed by so many to so few”
– Winston Churchill