1. Unit 4 Key Term Lesson

2. Electrons
Is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom.

3. Valence Electrons
An electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom.

4. Octet
Is a group of eight valence electrons surrounding an atom.
All noble gases have an octet, with the exception of helium.

5. Lewis Dot Structure
A notation showing the valence electrons surrounding the atomic symbol

6. Hydrogen Bond
Are the attractive force caused by hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N.
F, O, and N are very electronegative so it is a very strong dipole.
The hydrogen partially share with the lone pair in the molecule next to it.
The strongest of the intermolecular forces.

7. Ionic Bond
Atoms are stable when their outermost shell is full/Sometimes it is easier to lose electrons rather than gain, other times it is easier to gain
When an atom loses an electron it has a positive charge, called a cation
When an atom gains an electron it has a negative charge, called a anion

8. Covalent Bond Sharing is caring
The chemical bond when 2 atoms share electrons
Usually the atoms of the same element
Non-metal and non-metal
Sharing electrons, each atom has a stable outer shell
EX: Flouride

9. Single Bond
Is a chemical bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them.

10. Double Bond
Chemical bond between 2 elements involving four bonding electrons instead of 2.

11. Triple Bond
Chemical bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between 2 atoms

12. Metallic Bond
Consist of closely packed cations floating in a sea of electrons
All of the atoms are able to share the electrons
The electrons are not bonded to individual atoms

13. Polar vs. Non-Polar