1. How to Protect Against Acetaminophen: Don't Ask for JUNK
Neil Kaplowitz, Mie Shinohara, Zhang-Xu Liu, Derick Han 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 135, Issue 4, Pages (October 2008)
DOI: /j.gastro
Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Two-hit model of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. The metabolism of APAP exposes mitochondria to a reactive metabolite (NAPQI), which sensitizes mitochondria to JNK. JNK is activated by oxidative stress derived from the mitochondria by oxidation of redox-sensitive inhibitory proteins either upstream in the MAP kinase cascade or downstream at the level of JNK. Activated JNK translocates to mitochondria where it leads to MPT and necrosis. Gst, glutathione S-transferase; Trx, thioredoxin.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2008 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions