1. Adaptations

2. Learning Objectives Success criteria
To understand the how living organisms are adapted to their environment
Success criteria
Learners should be able to demonstrate and apply their knowledge and understanding of: (g) the different types of adaptations of organisms to their environment Anatomical, physiological and behavioural adaptations AND why organisms from different taxonomic groups may show similar anatomical features, including the marsupial mole and placental mole.

3. What will a well adapted organism be able to do?
Adaptation
Key Term: Adaptation
A feature that enhances survival and long term reproductive success
Adaptations help organisms to cope with environmental stresses and obtain the things they need to survive
What will a well adapted organism be able to do?

4. What will a well adapted organism be able to do?
Adaptation
What will a well adapted organism be able to do?
Find enough food, photosynthesise well
Find enough water
Gather enough nutrients
Defend itself from predators and disease
Survive the physical conditions of it’s environment eg temperature and light
Still have enough energy to reproduce

5. Adaptations
Anatomical (structural) adaptations – physical features (internal and external)
Structure that aids survival
Body covering e.g. hair, scales, spines
Camouflage
Teeth
Mimicry

6. Adaptations
Physiological / Biochemical Adaptations – processes that take place inside an organism
Ensure correct functioning cell processes
e.g. Yeast making correct enzymes to respire
Poison production
Antibiotic production
Water holding

7. Adaptations
Behavioural Adaptations – the way an organism acts (innate (instinctive) or learnt behaviours)
Aspect of behaviour that helps organism survive
e.g. earthworm withdraws into burrow when touched
Survival behaviours
Courtship
Seasonal behaviours
Migration & hibernation

8. Task - homework
Prepare a factfile on the different types of adaptations (anatomical, physiological and behavioural). You must include 3 organism either plants or animals for each type of adaptation. The following website may help
It’s not meant to be an epic, one side per adaptation type

9. Divergent evolution
Speciation involves a process of divergence where initially similar organisms become different. Move to a new territory  population spreads out  become exposed to different selection pressures  become adapted to different ecological niches. If species in a group diverge rapidly in this way it is called adaptive radiation.

10. Examples:
Darwin’s finches
Vertebrates - pentadactyl limb

11. Convergent evolution
This is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. Example : cactus (USA) : euphorbia (Madagascar)

12. Examples of convergent evolution
Marsupial and placental mice
Flying phalangers and flying squirrels
Marsupial and placental moles
Add some detail to your notes on these moles
p293

13. Learning Objectives Success criteria
To understand the how living organisms are adapted to their environment
Success criteria
Learners should be able to demonstrate and apply their knowledge and understanding of: (g) the different types of adaptations of organisms to their environment Anatomical, physiological and behavioural adaptations AND why organisms from different taxonomic groups may show similar anatomical features, including the marsupial mole and placental mole.