1. Heart Phantom Client: Orhan Unal Advisor: Willis Tompkins
Peter Strohm – Team Leader
Lacey Halfen – Team Leader
Jessica Hause – Communicator
Fan Wu – BWIG
Erin Main – BSAC

2. Outline Background Information Design Constraints Tube Design
Atrial Fibrillation
Client’s Research
Heart Phantoms
Design Constraints
Tube Design
Polymer Block Design
Design Comparison
Design Matrix
Tubing
Polyethylene vs. Polyurethane
Connections
Heart Chamber
High Resolution Aspect
Future Work

3. Atrial Fibrillation Affects over 2 million Americans Characterized by
Irregular atrial beating
Disordered electrical signals
Poor blood flow to body
Increased blood clot risk
Possible symptoms/complications
Heart palpitations
Shortness of breath
Fatigue/lightheadedness
Chest pain
Stroke (blood clots)
Heart Failure

4. Client’s Research Treat atrial fibrillation MRI imaging
Catheter
Begin at femoral vein
End at left atrium
Scar heart tissue
Disrupt electrical signals
MRI imaging
Catheter not visible
Risk of puncture
Solenoid-tipped catheter
FDA approval required
Protocol
Animal/phantom testing
Human testing

5. Heart Phantoms Commercially available Other phantoms
Ultrasound compatible
Unnecessarily complex
Do not allow ‘blood’ flow
No openings for catheter
Expensive
Other phantoms
Not MRI compatible
Specific uses
Unavailable

6. Design Constraints
MRI compatible
Leak proof
All parts transparent

7. Tube Design Twisting vessels and inlet/outlet vessels made of tubes
3” diameter acrylic sphere to resemble heart
Tubes either glued together or attached with connectors
Container filled with agarose gel

8. Polymer Block Design Hollow “tunnels” inside a Polymer block
Procedure:
Construct and insert dummy vasculature into a container
Pour liquid polymer into the container
Wait for the polymer to solidify
Remove dummy vasculature

9. Polymer Block Design (Cont)
Difficulties:
Dummy vessels need to be fixed before the polymer solidifies and easily separated from the polymer after it solidifies

10. Tubing Polyethylene Polyurethane Thick More rigid Strong, non-leaking
Opaque
Polyurethane
Thin
Flexible
Strong, non-leaking
Clear

11. Connections Twist Connect Quick Connect Side Connect Quick detachment
Simple
Water Tight
Very small hole for catheter
Solid colors
Limited angles
Quick Connect
Quick but complicated detachment
Water tight
Very small hole for catheter
Most are metal
Solid colors
Limited angles
Side Connect
Slower detachment
Simple
Water tight
Large hole for catheter
Clear
Variety of different angles
Colder.com
Clearpvcpipe.com
Legris.com

12. Heart Chamber Hemisphere Model 2 Hemispheres with ridge
Sealed together with an o-ring and plastic screws and bolts
Diaphragm placement
Continual fluid flow through heart

13. High Resolution Aspect
Visualization of catheter and other vasculature on MRI
Large hole in center for catheter to pass through
Small holes represent additional vasculature
Material
Acrylic Block

14. Future Work Optimize materials and methods for tube design
Tubing connections
Heart connections
Sealing techniques
Construct and test prototype
Possibility of developing second prototype for polymer design depending on budget