1. AF pre-read: basic WORDS
Subversive: (adj) a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working secretly from within Malignant: (adj) evil in nature, influence, or effect Scapegoat: (n) one who bears the blame for others Comrade: (n) an intimate friend; OR a fellow soldier Fascism: (n) a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

2. AF Pre: ECONOMIC THEORIES
Communism: (n)
An economic theory advocating elimination of private property in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed;
A doctrine based on revolutionary Marxian socialism and Marxism-Leninism that was the official ideology of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; a final stage of society in Marxist theory in which the state has withered away and economic goods are distributed equitably
a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production
Socialism (n):
any economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
a system of society or group living in which there is no private property
a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done
Capitalism: (n) an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market

3. Essential Questions for AF
Discuss the corruption of collectivism and Animalism during the course of the novel. How do propaganda, nationalism, and revisionist history play a role in that corruption?
Orwell’s book, Animal Farm, is a satirical allegory of the Russian Revolution. When, why, and to what effect does Orwell use both literary techniques—satire and allegory?

4. ALLEGORY & SATIRE

5. Af is a satirical allegory
Fable: story with a moral Satire: humor and critique to make a point Allegory: story where all of the elements are symbolic

6. Marx, creates Communist Manifesto
Russian Revolution
Marx, creates Communist Manifesto
Dies soon after

7. Russian Revolution
1917 Czar Nicholas II overthrown

8. Russian Revolution
Lenin, leads
Dies soon after

9. Russian Revolution
Trotsky, more powerful while Lenin lives Stalin, more powerful later

10. George Orwell
Pen name for Eric Arthur Blair Born in British India; spent most of his life in England.

11. Orwell was part of a world-wide group of writers and intellectuals in the 1920s and 30s who supported the ideals of socialism and complained against what they saw as the limitations and even cruelty of capitalism. Many of them unquestioningly supported the Russian Revolution.

12. Spanish Civil War
Republicans backing democratically elected and socialist leaning government Nationalist backing dictatorial and fascist leaning government Fascism: radical authoritarian nationalism; central control of private enterprise

15. zoomorphism
Art that imagines humans as non-human animals

16. Giving human qualities to animals
anthropomorphism
Giving human qualities to animals
(personification gives them to inanimate objects)

17. Comrade Subversive Malignant Scapegoat Authoritarianism Fascism
Totalitarianism
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
a systematic attempt to overthrow or undermine a government or political system by persons working secretly from within
evil in nature, influence, or effect
one who bears the blame for others
an intimate friend; OR a fellow soldier
a stage of society in Marxist theory transitional between capitalism and communism and distinguished by advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
a system of government characterized by a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people
a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarian party controls state-owned means of production
a political philosophy or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition
the political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state authority
an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market