1. Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 71-80 (April 2012)
Neuroprotective action of bacterial melanin in rats after corticospinal tract lesions 
Tigran R. Petrosyan, Olga V. Gevorkyan, Irina B. Meliksetyan, Anna S. Hovsepyan, Levon R. Manvelyan 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages (April 2012)
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Histogram of instrumental conditioned reflex elaboration and recovery in experimental days. First two groups were operated after initial training. (a) Elaboration of ICR before the operation, (b) recovery period of ICR after the operation and (c) is the recovery period of paralyzed hindlimb movements. Black arrow indicates the operation day, white arrow shows the day of BM injection.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Samples of tetanic depression (A) and tetanic potentiation (B) in response to high frequency stimulation.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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4. Fig. 3
The diagram shows ratio between registered efects of tetanic depression and tetanic potentiation in intact rats. In 47% of tested neurons tetanic depression was registered and in 53% of neurons high frequency stimulation caused tetanic potentiation.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
The diagram shows ratio between registered effects of tetanic depression and tetanic potentiation in transected rats, injected with bacterial melanin. In 14% of tested neurons tetanic depression was registered and in 86% of neurons high frequency stimulation caused tetanic potentiation.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
The diagram shows ratio between registered efects of areactivity and tetanic potentiation in transected rats, not treated with melanin. In 43% of tested neurons tetanic potentiation was registered and in 86% of neurons high frequency stimulation did not change the spiking activity (areactivity).
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
(A) Tetanic potentiation registered in lumbar motoneuron of a rat treated with melanin. (B) Areactivity or no change in firing rate registered in a transected rat, not treated with melanin.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Spiking frequency (in spike/s) for all three groups. Group A – tetanic potentiation in transected rats, not treated with melanin. Group C – areactivity in transected rats, not treated with melanin. Group B – tetanic potentiation in rats injected with melanin after transection. Group D – tetanic depression in rats injected with melanin after transection. Group E – tetanic potentiation in intact rats. Group F – tetanic depression in intact rats. Averaged perievent time histograms (PETH) for all three groups (intact, transected rats with and without melanin treatment) are presented on the figure. The graphs show averaged spiking frequences of groups for the effects of tetanic potentiation (TP) and tetanic depression (TD). Registered motoneurons of each group are divided into 2 subgroups: tested neurons of transected animals, not treated with melanin, are divided into TP group (A) and areactive group (C); transected rats with melanin treatment – into TP (B) and TD (D) groups; intact rats – into TP (E) and TD (F) groups. MBE – spiking frequency before the stimulation (before the event), MTT – spiking frequency in tetanization period (tetanization time), MPE – spiking frequency after stimulation (postevent). TP – tetanic potentiation expresses increase in spiking frequency, TD – tetanic depression expresses decrease in spiking frequency, Areactivity – indicates unchanged spiking frequency after stimulation.On the top of the figure numbers of trials (tr.) or tested neurons are indicatd for all 6 subgroups.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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9. Fig. 8
(A–E) Brain stem horizontal sections of pyramidotomized rats, not treated with melanin (white arrow indicates the area of transection, the rectangle shows fibrous scar); (C–E) Picture of demyelination (arrow indicates focus of necrosis, asterisks show area where nerve fibers are not revealed); (F) A distal area of spinal cord where extreme swelling of motoneurons was revealed. Detection of Ca2+-dependent acid phosphatase activity.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Brain stem horizontal sections of pyramidotomized rats injected i/m with the solution of bacterial melanin at the concentration of 6mg/ml (white arrow indicates the area of transection). (C) black arrows indicate the blood vessels; (D and E) white arrows indicate nerve fibers. Detection of Ca2+-dependent acid phosphatase activity.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 10
Brain stem horizonatal sections of pyramidotomized rats injected i/m with the solution of bacterial melanin at the concentration of 6mg/ml (white arrow indicates the area of transections and the white triangle indicates large blood vessel over the damaged area); C and D are fragments of B selected by rectangle (black arrows indicate nerve cells); F and G are fragments of E (black arrows indicate blood vessels surrounded by nuclei of glial cells) Detection of Ca2+-dependent acid phosphatase activity.
Pathophysiology  , 71-80DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions