1. Regulatory T-cell directed therapies in liver diseases
Ye Htun Oo, Shimon Sakaguchi 
Journal of Hepatology 
Volume 59, Issue 5, Pages (November 2013)
DOI: /j.jhep
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2. Fig. 1
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) recruitment, its role in autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The human liver has a dual blood supply from the gastrointestinal tract via portal vein and hepatic artery from the systemic circulation. Regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25highCD127lowFOXP3+) are recruited to the inflamed human liver via hepatic sinusoids using chemokine receptor CXCR3. FOXP3+ Tregs exert their function by multiple mechanisms including contact dependent (CTLA-4 and dendritic cells) and immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Tregs control hepatitis (both lobular and interface) caused by Th1, CD8 cells. Tregs are essential in re-establishing hepatic tolerance in autoimmune liver disease, such as autoimmune hepatitis, and prevent excessive hepatocyte destruction by effector lymphocytes in HCV/HBV infection. They are involved in the immune escape mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cytotoxic T cells (CD8 and Th1) tumour clearance. Plasma cells are involved in autoimmune hepatitis by secreting autoantibodies. LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells.
Journal of Hepatology  , DOI: ( /j.jhep )
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3. Journal of Hepatology 2013 59, 1127-1134DOI: (10. 1016/j. jhep. 2013
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