1. Culture, diffusion, & geographic concepts
CHAPTER 1

2. Starter – answer each question and then explain the correct answer
An example of a formal region is:
The trade area between El Paso and Juarez.
25 square kilometers
The South.
The city limits of El Paso.
Perceptual or vernacular regions
Are perceived through the application of defined spatial criteria
Have boundaries of clearly visible, self- evident physical or cultural change.
Have meaning only in physical geography, which deals with perceivable objects
Reflect personal or popular impressions of territory and spatial divisions
A functional or nodal region is defined by:
Significant topographic change at its margins
The organized space surrounding a central feature.
The functions assigned to it by government or other regions
The physical or cultural characteristic common throughout the region

3. Formal region Also called “uniform region” or “homogeneous region”
United in 1 or more traits:
Physical geography
Cultural
Economic
Utah can be a formal region by any of these traits, how so?

4. Perceptual Also known as vernacular Mental maps!
There could be something formally binding everything together, but ultimately, it is just how we perceive a region to be

5. What is the “Middle East”?

8. Functional Regions Also known as nodal regions
Organized around a focal point and defined by an activity that occurs across the region
Example
Region: Pizza delivery
Node: Pizza Shop
Region: A country
Node: The capital

9. Diffusion Spread of a feature from one place to another over time
2 Types
Expansion: Spreads and grows
Relocation: Moved from one place to another

10. CULTURE
TANGIBLE LIFESTYLE
VALUES
BELIEFS

11. CULTURAL TRAIT
A SINGLE, DISTINGUISHING CUSTOM THAT IS PART OF EVERYDAY LIFE OF PARTICULAR CULTURE
LEARNED, PASSED ON THROUGH COMMUNICATION
DIFFERENT CULTURES CAN HAVE SIMILAR TRAITS, BUT MAY HAVE DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE!!!!

12. CULTURAL TRAIT cont.
DIFFERENT CULTURES CAN HAVE SIMILAR TRAITS, BUT MAY HAVE DIFFERENT SIGNIFICANCE!
(Dressing up for social reasons, versus dressing up for cultural or work reasons)

13. Hearth
Area where a cultural trait originates

14. CULTURAL HEARTH
THE AREA WHERE CULTURAL TRAITS DEVELOP AND DIFFUSE

15. CULTURAL HEARTH
TRAITS CAN DEVELOP IN MORE THAN ONE HEARTH WITHOUT BEING INFLUENCED BY ITS DEVELOPMENT ELSEWHERE= INDEPENDENT INVENTION

16. Modern Cultural Hearth
A global center of culture and economics with a worldwide impact
Generally it is a highly populated city in a wealthy and culturally influential country

17. This map shows the spread of which type of music through cultural diffusion?
Opera
Bluegrass
Classical
Jazz

18. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
THE MOVEMENT OF IDEAS, BELIEFS, GOODS, TRAITS, CUSTOMS, PEOPLES & OTHER ASPECTS OF CULTURE ACROSS SPACE
INCREASES WITH ADVANCED COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORTATION AND TECHNOLOGY.

19. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
TIME AND DISTANCE INFLUENCE THE DIFFUSION PROCESS

20. CULTURAL DIFFUSION TIME AND DISTANCE INFLUENCE THE DIFFUSION PROCESS
BUT ACCEPTANCE AND ADOPTION OF A TRAIT BECOMES LESS LIKELY WITH GREATER DISTANCE AND OVER LONGER PERIODS OF TIME = TIME-DISTANCE DECAY

21. CULTURAL BARRIERS
CULTURAL TRAITS, BELIEFS, ATTITUDES ETC… THAT POSE AS OBSTACLES TO CULTURAL DIFFUSION

22. Diffusion Expansion: feature spreads through “snowballing”
Hierarchical: spread from high up the chain and then down to lower
Contagious: rapid and widespread throughout a population
Stimulus: part of it spreads (underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed)
Relocation: idea spreads through physical movement from one place to another

23. EXPANSION DIFFUSION
WHEN A IDEA, TRAIT, INNOVATION, ETC…DEVELOPS AT A HEARTH AND REMAINS STRONG THERE WHILE SPREADING OUTWARD
THE IDEA, TRAIT, INNOVATION, ETC…DOES THE MOVING NOT THE PEOPLE

24. CONTAGIOUS DIFFUSION
RAPID, WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF A CHARACTERISTIC THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION.
SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION LIKE THE FLU WOULD.
IT STARTS FROM A “CENTER” OR HEARTH AND DIFFUSES OUT FROM THERE TO THE REST OF THE POPULATION.
THE “MEAN GIRLS” PHENOMENON

25. HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION
THE SPREAD OF AN IDEA FROM PERSONS OR NODES OF AUTHORITY OR POWER TO OTHER PERSONS OR PLACE.
The most common method for this is a trend or idea starts in a major city, then the other cities follow a while after.
This type of diffusion can also spread by authority figures in a community such as a political leaders or socially elite people.

26. RELOCATION DIFFUSION
THE DISSEMINATION OF TRAITS, IDEAS, INNOVATIONS AS A RESULT OF THE ACTUAL MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
IN CONTRAST TO EXPANSION DIFFUSION

27. STIMULUS DIFFUSION
THE SPREAD OF ASPECTS TRAIT, EVEN THOUGH A CHARACTERISTIC ITSELF APPARENTLY FAILS TO DIFFUSE.
THE SPECIFIC TRAIT MAY BE REJECTED, BUT THE UNDERLYING CONCEPT IS ACCEPTED

28. Diffusion Expansion: feature spreads through “snowballing”
Hierarchical: spread from a person of authority
Contagious: rapid and widespread throughout a population
Stimulus: part of it spreads (underlying principle of a characteristic spreads although characteristic failed)
Relocation: idea spreads through physical movement from one place to another

29. Diffusion

30. Fidget spinners

31. The flu

32. Tesla

33. “This is what happens when you post a link to a $23 dress on Amazon to a female meteorologist Facebook group.”

34. Christian missionaries attempted to convert kings or tribal leaders in the hopes their people would follow

35. Chinese Porcelain

37. Facebook

38. Globalization
The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact.
Doesn’t matter on state and international boundaries