1. Winter at Valley Forge (PA)
A time of suffering
Americans lost 2,000 due to disease, lack of clothing, food, etc.
2,000 deserters
A time of rejuvenation
Intense training, drilling
Foreign Blood
Marquis de Lafayette
Baron Von Steuben

2. Marquis de Lafayette 20 year old, wealthy French officer
Inspired by the Patriot cause, he
volunteered for the Continental Army
Requested no pay
First arrived in June 1777, fought at Brandywine
Would give $200,000 of his own to support army
Would become close friends with Washington
Would be promoted to Major General and play a large part in the American army

3. The Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben
Baron Von Steuben
Spoke no English
Supposed high ranking Prussian officer
Offered his services for no pay
Demanded respect; feared
Washington made him Inspector General of the Army
In charge of training and sanitation
Later found out to be a fake
Didn’t matter
Baron Von Steuben Drilling Troops at Valley Forge 
by Edwin Abbey

4. George Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge
by John Ward Dunsmore

5. French enter the War
On Feb 6, the French would formally ally with America pledging support
Recognized new nation, trade, military alliance
Ally with each other until Britain is defeated
Neither side would negotiate peace without the other
Due to Ben Franklin’s diplomacy
efforts in Paris throughout 1777
Impressed by Saratoga, Washington

6. British leave Philadelphia
William Howe would resign command
Replaced by Henry Clinton
After the French enter the war, Clinton decides to abandon Philadelphia to reinforce New York
Now open to French navy, attack
Washington’s troops shadow British on their march

7. Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze
Battle of Monmouth, NJ
June 28, 1778
Washington (13,500) attacks British (15,000) on their march to New York
Charles Lee in charge of initial attack
retreats prematurely
Had rejoined army in prisoner exchange earlier in 1778
Washington meets Lee’s retreating army
Disgusted with Lee, rallies troops himself
Molly Pitcher
Mary Ludwig Hayes
Delivers water to soldiers on hot battlefield
Mans husbands cannon when he falls wounded
After a full day’s fighting, British continue on their retreat during the night
No clear winner, but the British withdrew first
Casualties
British - 300
Americans - 350
Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze

8. Mary Ludwig Hayes a.k.a Molly Pitcher
Molly Pitcher at the battle of Monmouth