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The Cell Cycle
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Interphase 90% of the cell’s life Cells grow and copy DNA
3 phases (G=growth) G1 phase-cell grows S phase-DNA synthesis G2 phase-cell grows and prepares to divide M phase-mitosis
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Mitosis PMAT The division of the nucleus to make two new cells
Occurs in 4 steps PMAT Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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Prophase Chromosomes coil and become chromatids
Chromatids are visible and the nuclear membrane disintegrates
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Metaphase Chromatids line up across the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
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Anaphase Each Chromatid separates at the centromere and is pulled apart be the spindle fibers
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Telophase Spindle Fibers disappear, chromosomes uncoil, and a new nucleus forms
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Key Vocabulary Chromosome Chromatid Centromere Centriole
The structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. Chromatid An Identical copy of part of a chromosome (sister chromatids) Centromere The point where the sister chromatids are held together Centriole The structure that sends out the spindle fibers during mitosis
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Key Vocabulary continued
Spindle Fiber The “string” that pulls the chromatids apart Mutation Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell Diploid 2 of each chromosome are present in a cell Haploid 1 of each chromosome is present in a cell Meiosis Reproductive process that produces a 4 haploid cell
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