1. Its Parts and Functions
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions

2. Gland & Hormone Chart Gland Hormone Destination Action 1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
Posterior
Anterior
Oxytocin
Skip 3-4 lines
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Adrenal
Medulla
Cortex
6. Gonads
Testes
Ovaries
7. Pineal
8. Thymus
9. Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon

3. The NERVOUS SYSTEM controls the body electrically via NERVE IMPULSES.
The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM regulates the body chemically via HORMONES.

4. What is a GLAND?
It is an organ that develops a secretion which performs specific functions.

5. The Endocrine System
Is made up of ductless glands. “Ductless” means without tubes

6. HORMONES
Are chemical messengers formed from substances taken from the blood.
They circulate throughout the body & exert specific effects on tissues, organs or other glands located some distance away from the cells that secrete them.

7. PINEAL
POSTERIOR PITUITARY
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
THYROID
THYMUS
ADRENALS
PANCREAS
OVARIES
TESTIS (es)

8. Pituitary Gland
LOCATION: found at the base of the brain DESCRIPTION: called the “master gland” because it controls most of the other endocrine glands.

9. The pituitary gland has two lobes: The Anterior and Posterior

10. Hormones Secreted by the Posterior Pituitary
TARGET TISSUES
Destination
FUNCTION
Action
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Kidney
Increases water reabsorption
2. Oxytocin
-Uterus
-Mammary Gland
-Stimulates labor
­-Initiates milk ejection

11. Hormones Released by the Anterior Pituitary
TARGET TISSUES
FUNCTION
1. Growth Hormone (GH)
Most tissues
Stimulates body growth
2. Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Gland
Stimulates release of
T3 and T4
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Adernal Cortex
Stimulates secretion of hormones from cortex
4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Ovaries/Testis
FEMALE -Promotes ovulation & hormone production
MALE – Sperm production
5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicles in ovary
Seminiferous Tubules in Testis
FEMALE – egg production MALE - sperm production
6. Prolactin (PRL)
Ovary & Mammary Gland in females, testis in males
Promotes lactation
(low levels in males; high levels affect testosteron levels)

12. Thyroid Gland
LOCATION: at the base of the neck (just below the larynx DESCRIPTION: soft, brownish-red organ shaped like a butterfly.

13. T3 T4 Hormone Destination Action Thyroxine Calcitonin Most tissues
Triiodothyronine
Most tissues
Embryonic development; body temperature, growth, heartrate T4
Thyroxine
Increases metabolism, blood pressure; regulates tissue growth
Calcitonin
Primarily bone
Bone growth

14. Parathyroid Gland
LOCATION: attached to the back of the thyroid gland DESCRIPTION: 2 pairs of pea-sized glands

15. Parathyroid Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone) Bone & kidney
Destination
Action
Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)
Bone & kidney
Increases blood calcium:
bone
kidneys
intestine

16. Adrenal Glands
LOCATION: found above the kidneys DESCRIPTION: cone-shaped glands

17. MEDULLA Epinephrine Norepinephrine
Hormome
Destination
Action
MEDULLA
Epinephrine
(aka: adrenaline, the “emergency hormone”)
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Blood vessels
Bronchioles
Short-term stress response; increased BSL, vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, blood diversion
Norepinephrine

18. CORTEX Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) Mineralocorticoids Skeletal muscle
Hormome
Destination
Action
CORTEX
Glucocorticoids
(Cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Blood vessels
Kidneys
Long-term stress response; increased BSL, immune suppression

19. Testes
LOCATION: near the penis DESCRIPTION: pair of glands that functions to produce sperm cells.

20. TESTES Testosterone Many male tissues & organs
Hormome
Destination
Action
Testosterone
Many male tissues & organs
Secondary Sexual characteristics
Body/Facial hair
Muscle mass
Voice
Etc…
Testes
Sperm production

21. Ovaries
LOCATION: located on one side of the uterus DESCRIPTION: pair of glands that functions to produce egg cells/ova.

22. OVARIES Estrogen Progesterone Many female tissues & organ
Hormome
Destination
Action
Estrogen
Many female tissues & organ
1. Secondary Sexual characteristics:
Breasts
Widened hips
Armpit/pubic hair
2. Menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Uterus
Menstrual cycle & pregnancy

23. Pineal Gland
LOCATION: found near the base of the brain DESCRIPTION: outgrowth of the brain

24. Melatonin Brain (hypothalamus) and many tissues / organs
HORMONE
DESTINATION
ACTION
Melatonin
Brain (hypothalamus) and many tissues / organs
Regulates the “biological clock”, day/night cycle

25. Thymus Gland
LOCATION: located in the upper part of the chest, below the neck DESCRIPTION: consists of 2 lobes

26. Thymosin Immune tissues Promotes immune system development & function;
Hormone
Destination
Action
Thymosin
Immune tissues
Promotes immune system development & function;
Development of T lymphocytes

27. Pancreas
LOCATION: lies behind the stomach DESCRIPTION: elongated & tapers at one end

28. Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Lowers blood sugar level
Hormone
Destination
Action
Insulin
Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
Lowers blood sugar level
glucagon
Liver
Raises blood sugar level

29. Diagram
Your diagram should already be colored & labeled and in notebook!
Next to each gland, use a RED pen to identify the hormone(s) released

30. Notebook Assignment Research ONE endocrine disorder. Identify:
NAME of disorder
GLAND affected
DESCRIPTION
And
Paste a PICTURE into notebook