1. GOES-R Hyperspectral Sensor/Science Requirements
Timothy J. Schmit
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
Advanced Satellite Products Branch (ASPB)
Madison, WI
And many others
MURI Meeting
June 9, 2005

2. GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
Disk Sounding
Severe Weather Mesoscale
Coastal Imager
Solar Instrument Suite (SIS)
Space Environment In Situ Suite (SEISS)
Auxiliary Services (AUX)
Magnetometer (MAG)
Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM)
“Notional Architecture”

3. Mapping Requirements To System Solutions
Coronagraph
Microwave Sounder/Imager
Potential P3I
Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES)
Adv. Baseline Imager (ABI)
Solar Imaging Suite (SIS)
Space Env
In-Situ Suite (SEISS)
Instruments
GOES Lightning Mapper (GLM)
Baseline Instruments
Hyperspectral Imager
Solar Irradiance Sensor
GOES-R System
Other Users
NWS
OAR
NOS
NMFS
NMAO
PPI
NOAA Users
NESDIS
Ecosystems, Weather & Water, Climate, Commerce & Transportation
Aerosols
Precipitation
Atmospheric Profiles
Ocean
Space & Solar
Clouds
Land
Requirements
Atmospheric Radiance
Atmospheric Winds
Coastal Waters & Estuaries
GPRD
MRD

4. GOES-R Program Schedule
As of: 22 Mar 05

5. NOAA Observational requirements are separated by discipline:
Ocean (example):
Atmosphere (example):
Land (example):
Space

6. GOES-R Observational Requirements
Aerosol Detection
Aerosol Particle Size
Suspended Matter
Volcanic Ash
Aircraft Icing Threat
Cloud & Moisture Imagery
Cloud Imagery
Cloud Layers / Heights & Thickness
Cloud Particle Size Distribution
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Depth
Cloud Top Phase
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Type
Cloud Top Temperature
Enhanced "V"/Overshooting Top Detection
Hurricane Intensity
Convection Initiation
Imagery: All-Weather / Day - Night
Lightning Detection
Low Cloud & Fog
Turbulence
Visibility
Geomagnetic Field
Derived Stability Indices
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Rainfall Potential
Dust/Aerosol
Probability of Rainfall
Rainfall Rate
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile
Capping Inversion Information
Moisture Flux
Total Precipitable Water
Total Water Content
Pressure Profile
Downward Solar Insolation
CO Concentration
Upward Longwave Radiation
Ozone Total
Downward Longwave Radiation
Radiances
Absorbed Shortwave Radiation
Reflected Solar Insolation
Fire / Hot Spot Imagery
Flood / Standing Water
Microburst Wind Speed Potential
Derived Motion Winds
SO2 Detection
Land Surface (Skin) Temperature
Clear Sky Masks
Surface Emissivity
Surface Albedo
Vegetation Fraction
Vegetation Index
Sea & Lake Ice / Displacement & Direction
Sea & Lake Ice / Age
Sea & Lake Ice / Concentration
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Characterization
Sea & Lake Ice / Surface Temp
Currents
Ocean Color
Ocean Optical Properties
Ocean Turbidity
Sea & Lake Ice / Extent & Edge
Sea & Lake Ice / Motion
Sea & Lake Ice / Thickness
Ice Cover / Landlocked
Snow Cover
Snow Depth
Sea Surface Temps
Energetic Heavy Ions
Solar & Galactic Protons
Solar Flux: EUV
Mag Electrons & Protons: Low Energy
Solar Flux: X-Ray
Mag Electrons & Protons: Med & High Energy
Solar Imagery: X-Ray
ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager
HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite
SEISS – Space Env. In-Situ Suite
SIS – Solar Instrument Suite
GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper
Magnetometer

7. Sounder Comparison (GOES-Current to HES-Req)
Current Requirement
Coverage Rate CONUS/hr Sounding Disk/hr
Horizontal Resolution
- Sampling Distance 10 km 10 km
- Individual Sounding km 10 km
Vertical resolution ~3 km 1 km
Accuracy
Temperature 2 deg. K deg. K
Relative Humidity 20% 10%

8. HES
The Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) will be located on a geostationary platform.
2013
NOAA operational
Currently in formulation phase
HES is an outgrowth of earlier ABS efforts
HES includes the functionality of the old Advanced Baseline Sounder (ABS)
HES has been expanded to include other capabilities for environmental monitoring employing the improved temporal resolution from GEO.
Coastal Ocean
Open Ocean
Land

9. HES-IR Tasks HES - Disk Sounding (HES-DS)
Provide vertical moisture and temperature information, and other environmental data that will be used by NOAA and other public and private agencies to produce routine meteorological analyses and forecasts
Provide data that may be used to extend knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere and its processes in order to improve short/long-term weather forecasts.
HES - Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M)
Provide environmental data that can be used to expand knowledge of mesoscale and synoptic scale storm development and provide data that may be used to help in forecasting severe weather events.
Backup mode in the event of a GOES-R ABI failure (both).

10. HES-Disk Sounding (HES-DS) task
Spatial Resolution
IR: Threshold=10 km, Goal=2 km,
Vis: Threshold=1.0 km, Goal= 0.5 km
Coverage rate (Threshold)
62 degree LZA / hour at 10 km resolution
Coverage area must be flexible and selectable. 1 1

11. HES-Severe Weather/Mesoscale task
Spatial Resolution
IR: Threshold=4 km, Goal=2 km,
Vis: Threshold=1.0 km, Goal= 0.5 km
Coverage rate
1000 km x 1000 km (locations vary) in 4.4 minutes
Coverage area must be flexible and selectable.
Spectral coverage:
Specific examples are cited in the MRD, same as HES-DS
Spectral resolution:
15 um CO2 band: 0.6 cm-1, Windows: cm-1, Ozone: 1 cm-1, H2O: 1-2 cm-1, near 4 um: 2.5 cm-1, Visible: 0.18 um 1 1

12. IR Spectral Coverage (DS or SW/M)
HES’
HES
Note the HES may not have any data in the 7.3 um region!
Note that 5 1 1

14. Much improved spatial coverage with the HES Sounder
Current GOES Sounder coverage in one hour
CIMSS
A GOES-12 Imager Full Disk cloud-top pressure image. There’s also good correlation with GOES-12 sounder images.
Possible uses:
NWP assimilation
Aviation interests
ASOS support
cloud climatology
From Tony S.
GOES-R HES Sounder coverage in one hour
Cloud Top Pressure

15. Hyperspectral Environmental Suite Coastal Waters
Coastal Water (CW) Imaging
Coastal Waters within 400 km
Vis Spatial resolution 300 m
Spectral Range 0.4 m m
180 minutes hour refresh rate
Can look over land also
Air quality applications
Locate many tornado tracks
Flood extent
Hurricanes

16. HES-CW coverage without cloud mask information from the ABI
Circles are radius of 300 km and indicated a very notional CW scan pattern. Note that the the HES-CW task may provide coverage over cloudy regions if left to complete a large coverage area tasking, such as a survey of the East and Gulf Coasts.
Default schedule might be to scan along entire coast.

17. HES-CW coverage with cloud mask information from the ABI
Circles are radius of 300 km still.
Here is an example of ABI targeting HES more effectively to observe the coastal waters under clear skies. Ultimately this would also afford more coverage times for other clear sky areas.
Cloud mask from ABI would suggest to not scan over cloudy regions and hence other regions could be scanned.

18. Real-time, autonomous test on February 5th
The example shown here indicates that autonomous tasking is possible even today.
GOES Sounder Real-time Cloud Product successfully supplies data to automatically command NASA's EO-1 to choose one of two scenes: In a proof-of-concept test for synergistically using information from one satellite platform to better acquire data from another, on February 5, 2004, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder Cloud Top Pressure (CTP) product (acquired via File Transfer Protocol (ftp)) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Science Goal Monitor (SGM) were used to perform a sensor web experiment.  The experiment was coordinated with D. Mandl of the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Two competing alternate scenes were loaded onboard Earth Observing (EO)-1 (initiated via SGM) and then 4 hours before overflight of the first potential scene, Rapid City, SD, SGM automatically queried the real-time hourly GOES Sounder cloud product to decide whether to proceed with the plan of taking Rapid City, SD or to switch the plan to taking Jornada, NM.  As it turns out, Rapid City was very cloudy and Jornada was clear as can be seen from the map generated by GOES and therefore, EO-1 was autonomously commanded to switch targets.  There was no manual intervention for this process.
From Dan Mandl, NASA

19. Estimated (required) coverage times of typical areas at various spatial resolutions for the HES
This is the estimated coverage rate for the HES tasks coverage various common coverage areas including the Full disk, the 62 degree LZA, the CONUS, a Mesoscale region, and the Coastal waters region, which is the length of the US East and Gulf coasts by the width of the exclusive Economic Zone (or about 400 km). Note that the highlighted region is simply the threshold coverage rate and threshold spatial resolution for the threshold task.

20. In addition to asking via the the ABI, other inputs for tasking could be NWP models (with a current output shown here), or the sounding task of the HES, or an operator. In this way regions of clear air in advance of storm formation can be observed to start to address convective initiation.
Other important inputs for HES data collection locations could be: NWP, sounding instability, ABI cloud mask, NPOESS, operator, etc.

21. Sample GOES-R 3-hour schedule for the ABI and (1 telescope design) HES
MSS = Mesoscale Scans from the ABI
MS = HES-Sounder mesoscale mode
FD = Full imaging disk scan
FSD = Full “sounding” disk scan
For a one telescope solution to HES, scanning utilizing ABI may be invoked as listed here. Recall that ABI can provide a 15 minute full disk, 5 minute CONUSs, and 30 minutes mesoscales or it can observe 5 minute full disks exclusively.

22. Visible image example
Here is a visible image to show the cloud cover (GOES-East Example).
Visible image to show the cloud cover (GOES-East Example).
What follows is a HES example coverage loop.

23. HES-Sounding simulation at 10 km
The next set of slides represents an example of a HES sounding coverage loop. Note time times listed in the lower right of the slide.
20:45 UTC

24. HES-Coastal Waters
A HES-CW image simulation
20:55 UTC

25. HES-Sounding at 4 km
Coverage of a sounding region is shown
21:00 UTC

26. HES-Coastal Waters
A HES-CW image simulation
21:05 UTC

27. HES-Sounding 4 km
21:10 UTC

28. HES-Coastal Waters 21:15 UTC
A HES-CW image simulation follows 5 minutes later
21:15 UTC

29. HES-Sounding 4 km
Another sounding region is observed in another part of the country
21:20 UTC

30. HES-Coastal Waters 21:25 UTC
A HES-CW image simulation follows 5 minutes later
21:25 UTC

31. HES-Sounding 4 km
This sounding region is next to the previous one
21:30 UTC

32. HES-Coastal Waters 21:35 UTC
A HES-CW image simulation follows 5 minutes later
21:35 UTC

33. HES-Sounding 4 km
Another sounding region at 4 km resolution
21:40 UTC

34. HES-Sounding 10 km
A CONUS observation provided the big picture again
21:45 UTC

35. GOES-R
The great amount of information from the GOES-R series will both offer a continuation of current product and services, and also allow for improved or new capabilities.
These products, based on validated requirements, will cover a wide range of phenomena. This includes applications relating to: weather, ocean, coastal zones, land, hazards, solar and space.
The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES), the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), the space and solar instrument suites (Solar Imaging Suite (SIS) and the Space Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS) on GOES-R will enable much improved monitoring compared to current capabilities.

37. Fourth GOES-R Users’ Conference:
May :
Location: Broomfield CO
Will focus on User Readiness
For more info:

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