1. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.
Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions.

2. The equation for the overall process is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
ATP!

3. Chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs light energy.
Why are plants green?
Chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs light energy.
chloroplast
leaf cell
leaf
In plants, chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts.

4. Why do leaves change color in the fall?
Shorter daylight hours not colder temps.
How can you tell?
Chlorophyll is no longer produced by leaves in preparation for winter.
After chlorophyll is gone, you can see the other pigments.
Carotenoids, which produce yellow, orange, and brown colors in such things as corn, carrots, and daffodils, as well as rutabagas, buttercups, and bananas.
Anthocyanins, which give color to such familiar things as cranberries, red apples, concord grapes, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and plums.

5. DRAW ME!

6. Photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of chloroplasts.
grana (thylakoids)
stroma
chloroplast
stroma
grana (thylakoids)

7. (electron micrograph)
Chloroplast
(electron micrograph)

8. The light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight.
take place across the thylakoid membranes
water and sunlight are needed
chlorophyll absorbs energy
energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to light-independent reactions
oxygen is released

9. *Electron Transport Chain is how the light dependent reaction gets energy.
Energy is absorbed from sunlight.
2. Water is broken down into H+, e-, and O2.
3. H+ ions are moved into the thylakoid, O2 is released and e- enter the membrane.
-happens inside the thylakoid membrane

10. Light-Dependent Reaction = Electron Transport Chain
Photosystem I captures energy and produces energy-carrying molecules.
4. Energy is absorbed from sunlight again.
5. NADP+ becomes NADPH by adding 2e-.
6. H+ diffuse through a protein channel.
7. ATP Synthase turns ADP into ATP.

11. H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
e e e e e e e- e- e- H+ H+ H+
DRAW ME

12. The light-dependent reactions produce ATP.
ATP synthase attached to the channel makes ATP
ATP synthase uses the energy created from the concentration gradient to make ATP

13. The second stage of photosynthesis uses energy from the first stage to make sugars.
Light-independent reactions occur in the stroma and use CO2 molecules.

14. The light-independent reactions make sugars.
take place in stroma
needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere
use energy to build a sugar in the Calvin Cycle.
Uses this energy for cellular respiration

15. Light-Independent Reaction: Calvin Cycle
3 C from 3 CO2 is added to 3 5C chains to make 3 6C chains.
6 ATP and 6 NADPH are used to split the 6C chains into 3C chains.

16. Light-Independent Reaction: Calvin Cycle
One of the 3C chains exits the Calvin cycle. 2 3C chains combine to create a high energy 6C sugar.
Remaining 3C chains use ATP to turn back into 5C chains to be reused.
C6H12O6

17. The equation for the overall process is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)
ATP!