1. Functional Group Chemistry

2. A FUNCTIONAL GROUP is part of a molecule with a specific arrangement of atoms. It usually contains oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous. The rest of the molecule is an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl etc.) or something else like a bromine, chlorine etc.
It has an “R” designation (the “R” represents the alkyl group).

3. Name: Alcohol Pattern: R-O-H CH3OH Methanol or Methyl alcohol
Examples:
CH3OH
Methanol or Methyl alcohol
CH3CH2CH2OH
Propanol or Propyl alcohol

4. Draw the following structures
1-propanol
1-pentanol
CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
2-propanol
3-octanol
CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CHOHCH3

5. Draw the following structures
1-propanol
1-pentanol
CH3CH2CHOH
CH3CH2CH2CH2CHOH
2-propanol
3-octanol
CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CHOHCH2

6. Name: Ether Pattern: R-O-R’ CH3OCH3 Methyl methyl ether methoxymethane
Examples:
CH3OCH3
Methyl methyl ether
methoxymethane
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3
ethyl propyl ether
ethoxypropane
Pattern:
R-O-R’

7. Draw the following structures
ethoxymethane
butoxypentane
CH3CH2OCH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Dibutyl ether
Hexyl pentyl ether
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH3

8. Draw the following structures
ethoxymethane
butoxypentane
CH3COCH3
CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Dibutyl ether
Hexyl pentyl ether
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH2CH2CH3

9. Name: Aldehydes
Pattern: O
R-C-H
Example: O
CH3CH2-C-H
propanal

10. Name the following structures
CH3-C-H O
CH3CH2CH2C-H
ethanal
butanal
hexanal
4-bromoheptanal O
CH3CH2CH2CH2-C-H O
CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2-C-H Br

11. Name: Ketone
Pattern: O
R-C-R’
Example: O
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH3
3-pentanone

12. Draw the following structures
2-butanone
2-nonanone O
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-CH3 O
CH3-C- CH2-CH3
3-hexanone
2-pentanone O
CH3- C-CH2-CH2-CH3 O
CH3-CH2-CH2-C-CH2-CH3

13. Name: Carboxylic Acid
Pattern: O
R-C-O-H
Example: O
CH3-CH2-C-OH
propanoic acid

14. Draw the following structures
ethanoic acid
octanoic acid O
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-O-H O
CH3-C- O-H
pentanoic acid
-methylbutanoic acid O
HO- C-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3
CH O
CH3-CH- CH2-C-O-H

15. Name: Ester
Pattern: O
R-C-O-R’
Example: O
CH3-CH2-C-O-CH3
Methyl propanoate

16. Draw the following structures
Ethyl butanoate
Ethyl hexanoate O
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-C-OCH2CH3 O
CH3-CH2- O- C-CH2-CH2-CH3
Methyl pentanoate
Propyl butanoate O
CH3- O- C-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3 O
CH3-CH- CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2- CH3

17. O CH3CH2CH2CH2-C-O-H CH3CH2CH2CH2OH O H-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Name the structure. O
CH3CH2CH2CH2-C-O-H
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH O
H-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3

18. Propyl butanoate O CH3CH2CH2-C-CH3 3-pentanone Ethanol
Decanoic acid O
CH3CH2CH2-C-CH3
3-pentanone
Ethanol
Heptyl nonyl ether