1. M2 M1
Vbb
Vin CL M4 M3
Vyy
Vxx
VDD
VDD
Vo<Vxx+|Vt3|
flip up-down
for source Rb M2
Vbb CL M1
Vin
connecting D1 to S2
cascoding
Vo> Vbb-Vt2
ro = rop||ron, Av=-gm1*ro

2. VDD
VDD
flip left-right
to get this
differential
telescopic
cascoded
amplifier M7 M5
Vyy
Vxx
Vo<Vxx+|Vt3| M8 M6
vo-
vo+ CL M3 M4
Vbb CL M1 M2
vin+
vin- Vs
Vo> Vbb-Vt2
Tail current to change
gnd to virtual gnd

3. Let vin+ = Vic + ½ vid, vin- = Vic - ½ vid
The cross source: Vs = Vic – VGS1Q.
Left half circuit same as two slides back, but with vin = ½ vid.
So vo- = - gm1ro-(½ vid), where ro- = ro5,7||ro1,3.
Similarly, vo+ = - gm1ro+(-½ vid), where ro+ = ro6,8||ro2,4.
Hence: vod = gm1rovid
Av = vod/vid = gm1ro
where ro = ro- = ro+

4. Slew rate For Vo+: SR+ = I8Q/CL SR- = (I2max-I8Q)/CL
But I2max=Itail, I8Q=Itail/2
So, SR+ = SR- =Itail/2CL
Similarly for Vo-, SR+ = SR- =Itail/2CL
For Vod, SR+ = SR- =Itail/CL

5. ICMR M3 M4
Vbb
What is Vicmax?
VD1 = Vbb-Vt3-Veff3
For M1 in saturation, need VD1>VG1Q–Vt1 =Vic–Vt1. So, Vic<Vbb-Vt3-Veff3+Vt1
Vicmax=Vbb-Veff3
What is Vicmin?
Vs>Veff9 for M9 in saturation.
Vic>Veff9+Veff1+Vt1
Vicmin=Veff9+Veff1+Vt1 M1 M2
vin+
vin- Is M1 M2
vin+
vin- M9

6. VDD
VDD
ICMR:
Vicmin=Veff5+Veff1+Vt1
Vicmax=VDD-Veff3+Vt1
Total range:
VDD-Veff3-Veff1-Veff5
Vyy M3 M4
Vo<VDD-Veff4
vo-
vo+ CL CL M1 M2
OSR:
Vic-Vt2 to VDD-Veff4
Total range:
VDD-Vic-Veff4+Vt2
vin+
vin- Vs M5
Vo>Vic-Vt2

7. VDD
VDD
Diode connection
to turn diff out
to single-ended
output  M7 M5 M8
Vo<VG6+|Vt6| M6 vo
Same ICMR.
But Vo range is different.
VG6=VDD-2Vtp-2Veff M3 M4 CL
Vbb M1 M2
vin+
vin-
Vo>Vbb-Vt2
Same Av, ro

8. VDD
VDD
ICMR:
Vicmin=Veff5+Veff1+Vt1
Vicmax=VDD-Veff3-Vt3+Vt1
Total range:
VDD-Vt3-Veff3-Veff1-Veff5
Vyy M3 M4
Vo<VDD-Veff4
vo-
vo+ CL CL M1 M2
OSR:
Vic-Vt2 to VDD-Veff4
Total range:
VDD-Vic-Veff4+Vt2
vin+
vin- Vs M5
Vo>Vic-Vt2

9. VDD
VDD Vo Vo
Folded cascode

10. VDD
Vin CL
Vbb
flip up-down for
I sources
VDD M1
Vin CL M2
Vbb
connecting n-D to p-S

11. VDD
VDD
folded cascode amp
Vbb
Vin+
Vin- CL

12. Output swing range and input common mode range are now decoupled.
OSR: VDD-4Veff
ICMR: 2Veff+Vt1 to VDD-Veff +Vt1
VDD-3Veff
But, if Vic cannot exceed VDD,
ICMR: 2Veff+Vt1 to VDD
VDD-2Veff-Vt1

13. Miller equivalent circuit
I2 =Y(V2-V1)
=Y(V2+V2/A)
=(1+1/A)YV2 
Y2=(1+1/A)Y Y
Chapter 4 Figure 15
I1=I=Y(V1-V2)
=Y(V1+AV2)
=(1+A)YV1
Y1=(1+A)Y

14. v2 = -Av1 v2
Agm1R2