1. OCR Central Concepts A2 Revision
Respiration
Need for energy in living things
ATP – universal energy currency and synthesis of ATP
Glycolysis and Krebs
Electron Transport Chain / oxidative Phosphorylation
Anaerobic respiration
Respiratory substances and respiratory quotients
Spiro meters
OCR Central Concepts
A2 Revision

2. Energy and respiration
Metabolism
Total of all biochemical reactions needed for an organism to stay alive
Anabolism + catabolism
Energy needed to do work
Synthesis
Active transport
Movement
Maintenance of body temperature

3. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Energy transfer processes
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O in the presence of light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O energy is released  CO2 + 6H2O
Most energy transferred to ATP originally derived from light energy

4. Energy and Living Organisms
Transfer of materials and energy in an ecosystem

5. Adenosine Triphosphate
Small water soluble molecule
Phosphorylated nucleotide
ATPADP = 30.5KJmol-1 energy
ATPase
ATPsynthase

6. Synthesis of ATP
ATP is formed during respiration (and in photosynthesis

7. Synthesis of ATP

8. Mitochondria

9. Respiration as a REDOX reaction
Reduction involves
Removal of oxygen
Addition of hydrogen
Gain of electrons
Uptake of energy
Oxidation involves
Addition of oxygen
Removal of hydrogen
Loss of electrons
Release of energy

10. Aerobic Respiration
The transfer of chemical potential energy from organic molecules to ATP in living cells.
Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

11. Glucose
Glycolysis
One molecule of glucose is oxidised to two molecules of pyruvate.
Phosphorylation
Lysis
Oxidation
Hexose phosphate
Hexose biphosphate
2 X triose phosphate (3C)
2 X pyruvate (3C)

12. Link Reaction Pyruvate is Decarboxylated Dehydrogenated
Combined with coenzyme A (adenine, ribose, pantothenic acid)
Pyruvate (3C) + coenzyme A acetyl (2C) coenzyme A
Carbon dioxide
NAD NADred

13. Krebs Cycle
Each cycle releases
2CO2
1 FADred
3NADred
1 ATP

14. Electron Transport Chain
When reduced FAD is oxidised, only two molecules of ATP are formed

15. Summary of aerobic respiration*
* Oxidative phosphorylation

16. Anaerobic Respiration
The Ethanol Pathway

17. Anaerobic Respiration
Lactate Pathway

18. The Cori Cycle
Rescues lactate and prevents waste of its chemical bond energy
Prevents fall in plasma pH

19. Respiratory Substrates
Substrate energy density (KJg-1)
Carbohydrate 16
Lipid
Protein 17
Bomb calorimeter

20. Respiratory Quotient
RQ = Volume of carbon dioxide given off Volume of oxygen taken in
Glucose = 1
Lipids = 0.7
Protein = 0.9

21. Investigating Respiration
Respirometer
Effect of temperature on respiration
Q10 = rate of reaction at temperature t + 10oC
rate of reaction at a temperature t