1. Temperature
A convenient operational definition of temperature is that it is a measure of the average translational kinetic energy associated with the disordered microscopic motion of atoms and molecules.

2. The Kinetik Theory of Gas
The kinetic theory of gases is the study of the microscopic behavior of molecules and the interactions which lead to macroscopic relationships like the ideal gas law,

3. Ideal Gas Law
An ideal gas can be characterized by three state variables: absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them may be deduced from kinetic theory and is called the
n = number of moles
R = universal gas constant = J/mol K
N = number of molecules
k = Boltzmann constant = x J/K = x 10-5 eV/K
k = R/NA
NA = Avogadro's number = x 1023 /mol

4. Temperature Units Where is absolute zero?
Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin
Where is absolute zero?
At what temperature does water freeze? Boil?

5. Thermal Expansion
Over small temperature ranges, the linear nature of thermal expansion leads to expansion relationships for length, area, and volume in terms of the linear expansion coefficient

6. Ideal Gas Law with Constraints

7. Phases and Phase Diagram

8. Heat (Kalor) Heat is a form of energy Units of heat
the energy flows from a warmer object to a cooler object
Units of heat
calorie
amount of temperature needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
kilocalorie (kcal or Calorie)
amount of temperature needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius

9. Specific Heat Ability of a material to absorb heat energy Q = m*c*DT
proportional to mass
proportional to change in temperature
Q = m*c*DT
c is the SPECIFIC HEAT of the substance
amount of energy needed to increase temperature of 1 gram of substance 1 degree Celsius

10. Transfer of Heat Conduction
“movement of heat by collisions between vibrating atoms or molecules”
= heat transferred in time = t

11. Transfer of Heat Convection
“transfer of heat by the physical motion of masses”
cooler liquids or gasses descend while warmer liquids or gasses rise.