1. World War I The war to end all wars!
Immediate cause:
June 1914: Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip

2. Long term causes
Militarism – aggressive build up of armed forces and weapons in preparation of war

3. Germany,Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, (Italy)
Alliances – a complex system of alliances had developed in the late 19th Century
Allied powers (Triple Entente)
France, Great Britain, Russia
Central powers (Triple Alliance)
Germany,Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, (Italy)

5. Imperialism – the competition for colonies sharpened European rivalries
Nationalism – (1) the great European powers tended to act in their own self interest
(2) ethnic groups within European nations want independence.

6. Position of the United States
At the start of the war, U.S. was NEUTRAL!
By 1916 Wilson and Congress began to prepare for war

7. German submarine warfare!
Between 1915 and 1917 friction between the US and Germany intensified
German submarine warfare!

8. PROPAGANDA- Anti-German sentiment and Anti-Kaiser sentiment is fueled by propaganda criticizing German militarism

11. U.S. Enters the WAR!
1917 Germans sink LUISITANIA, a British ship with U.S. passengers
Germans ignored SUSSEX PLEDGE- the 1916 promise to warn ships before attacking

12. ZIMMERMAN NOTE – Germany offers Mexico to “make war together and make peace together” in return for regaining land
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION- Overthrow of the Czar makes U.S. more likely to join Allies

13. The War at Home To gain PUBLIC SUPPORT
1. Public Information: propaganda against Germany; Ban of all things German
“Hate the Hun!”

14. Anti German-isms Frankfurter becomes “hot dog”
Sauerkraut becomes “liberty cabbage”
German measles become “liberty measles”
Hamburger becomes “Salisbury steak”
German language banned from public schools

15. 2. SEDITION ACT Made it a crime to speak out or publish anything that is “disloyal” to the US or to the Army/Navy
ESPIONAGE ACT- 1917
illegal to interfere with the DRAFT

17. More than 1000 Americans were convicted of violating the Espionage or Sedition Acts
Socialist Eugene Debbs was sentenced to 10 years for urging people to “resist militarism” and for criticizing the US government and business leaders

18. 3. SCHENK vs. U.S
Free speech/civil liberties CAN be restricted during wartime!
Supreme Court rules against speech that creates a “clear and present danger”

19. Government Economic Controls
RAISING MONEY and Regulating the Economy for war production
1. War Industries Board – controls production, rations raw materials; makes sure industry is helping the WAR effort!

21. Samuel Gompers
pledges the support
of Unions
to the war effort

27. “Meatless Monday” “Wheatless Wednesday”
2. Food Administration – Increase output, eliminate waste-- Rationing of food.
“Meatless Monday” “Wheatless Wednesday”

35. Prohibition 18th Amendment- No alcohol-- We need potatoes and grain for the WAR!
Daylight Savings Time More time to farm, saves electricity

36. 3. Increase Taxes, sell war bonds-

39. SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT
1. Provided for a DRAFT of year old men Million DRAFTED!

40. WORKFORCE AT HOME – At home,
women and African Americans filled jobs
usually held by men

41. 500,000 African Americans left the South during World War I
The need for workers in Northern industry sparks a “Great Migration” of African Americans from the South to the North
500,000 African Americans left the South during World War I

42. “Northern Fever”

43. This helps the Women’s Suffrage Movement!
Women participated in the war effort in industry and by volunteering in the Red Cross
This helps the Women’s Suffrage Movement!

50. Paris Peace Conference
Wilson attends and is hailed as a hero in Europe
Wilson fails to bring prominent Republican Senators to the conference
Allied Powers in Europe interested in harshly punishing Germany and in enjoying the spoils of war

51. Treaty of Versailles Harsh reparations against Germany ($33 billion)
Germany loses territory
Provision for a League of Nations

52. President Wilson’s idealism: Make the world safe for Democracy
Let this be the “war to end all war”

53. The 14 Points: Wilson’s vision for peace
Open diplomacy
Self determination for all people
Arms reductions
Freedom of the seas
A League of Nations

54. Wilson returns to U.S. Constitution requires Senate approval
Senate votes against treaty—fear a threat to US sovereignty
Wilson has a stroke attempting to build public support of Treaty

55. Presidency…Republican Harding Becomes president in 1921 and
Wilson, now an invalid,
serves the rest of his
Presidency…Republican Harding
Becomes president in 1921 and
the United States
Returns to Isolationism