1. MUTATIONS

2. MUTATIONS YEAST CELL: BREWERS YEAST: 500 YEAST SPECIES
1000’S OF STRAINS
100’S OF BREWING STRAINS
BREWERS YEAST:
16 CHROMOSOMES
(WILD YEAST 32 CHRMS)
6k GENES

3. MUTATIONS
DNA
CHROMOSOME
GENE

4. MUTATIONS Sexual Asexual Cell Reproduction- 2 types A + B = AB Plants
Fungi (wild yeasts)
Animals
Some Protists
A + B = AB
Asexual
Bacteria
Brewing/Distilling Yeast
Some Protists

5. Asexual reproduction Goal?
MUTATIONS
Asexual reproduction
Goal?

6. Dna: Function? “double helix” 4 DNA BASES BASE-PAIRING RULE
MUTATIONS
Dna:
Function?
“double helix”
4 DNA BASES
BASE-PAIRING RULE

7. MUTATIONS First step of cell reproduction: Dna replication =
Make copies of dna using
base-pairing rule

8. MUTATIONS Mutation, defintion: Mistake in the base-pairing rule
During dna replication
Factors that increase mutation rate:
1. increase rate of replication
2. stresses
3. chemicals & uv light

9. MUTATIONS Mutations: Basis for evolution Random and by chance
Can be controlled
New breeds
NEW YEAST STRAINS

10. MUTATIONS Yeast Strains (Mutations): American Ale II 1272 60-72°
Slightly nutty, soft, clean and tart finish
California Ale WLP001
68-73°
Clean flavors accentuate hops; very versatile.
American Ale 1056
60-72°
Well balanced. Ferments dry, finishes soft
Denny’s Favorite
60-70°
Can be used for almost any beer style. Accentuates malt, caramel, or fruit character.
California Ale V WLP051
66-70°
Produces a fruity, full-bodied beer
Northeast Ale ECY29
65-70°
A unique ale yeast with an abundance of citrusy esters accentuating American style hops.

11. MUTATIONS results of accidental brewing yeast mutations?
How can we decrease chances of yeast mutations?