1. NEOSTVARENE ŽELJE I OČEKIVANJA IZ PROŠLOSTI (WISHES AND REGRETS OF UNREAL PAST)

2. NEOSTVARENE ŽELJE I OČEKIVANJA IZ PROŠLOSTI
Kada želimo opisati naša htijenja, očekivanja i žal
za nečim što se moglo ALI SE NIJE dogodilo u
prošlosti, ili bismo htjeli promijeniti sadašnje stanje
i situaciju u kojoj se nalazimo, ili bismo htjeli
promijeniti nečije ponašanje, tada uvijek koristimo
prošlo vrijeme (Past Tense ili Past Perfect). Razlog
tomu je što ovdje ne opisujemo stvarni događaj,
već hipotetsku (zamišljenu) situaciju, a u tom
slučaju ćemo uvijek upotrijebiti jedno od prošlih
vremena.

3. Pogledajmo slijedeće primjere:
I wish I was taller. (Volio bih da sam viši – ALI NISAM)
(NE - I wish I am taller.)
It’s time you started looking for a job.
(Krajnje je vrijeme je da započneš tražiti posao – ALI TI GA I DALJE NE TRAŽIŠ)
(NE - It’s time you start looking for a job.)
She behaves as if she were a total stranger.
(Ponaša se kao da nikoga ne poznaje – ALI POZNAJE)
(NE - She behaves as if she is a total stranger.)

4. U svim ovim primjerima smo upotrijebili prošlo
vrijeme (Past Tense), a ne sadašnje (Present
Tense), premda opisujemo nešto što SADA nije
tako, pa bi logično bilo da smo upotrijebili
sadašnje vrijeme.
Međutim, u engleskome je jeziku pravilo da u svim
hipotetskim ili kondicionalnim situacijama
koristimo jedno od prošlih vremena (Past Tense ili
Past Perfect).

5. If / Supposing / If only / What if I wish / If only
Za izricanje neostvarenih želja i očekivanja upotrijebit ćemo slijedeće izraze
If / Supposing / If only / What if 
I wish / If only
It’s time / It’s high time/ It’s about time
I would (I’d) prefer it if/would have (I’d) preferred it if/ I would (I’d) prefer
I would (I’d) sooner/ I would (I’d) rather
Preguntar a los alumnos qué tiempos hay, antes de mostrarlos.

6. I wish / If only: 6

7. I wish / If only it stopped raining.

8. I wish / If only: Koristimo ih trojako:
Oba izraza prevodimo na hrvatski kao
“Želio bih da” ili “Kad bi(h) samo…”
Koristimo ih trojako:
1. s past simple-om i past continuous-om kad bismo
željeli da je postojeća situacija drugačija
I wish Tom was/were here now.
If only I knew someone who could help me.
All the staff wish you weren’t leaving so soon.
If only it wasn’t/weren’t raining!

9. I wish / If only: Obje rečenice možemo prevesti na hrvatski:
2. s past perfect-om kada žalimo za nečim što je prošlo ili što prošla situacija nije završila drugačije:
If only I had known you were coming.
I wish I had known you were coming.
Obje rečenice možemo prevesti na hrvatski:
- Da sam samo znao da ćeš doći. (došao si a ja nisam znao da si namjeravao doći)

10. I wish / If only: I wish more young people would vote, but they won’t.
3. s riječju “would” da izrazimo buduće želje i htijenja:
I wish more young people would vote, but they won’t.
(Kad bi samo više mladih ljudi glasovalo, ali ne žele.)
If only it would stop raining, we could go out.
(Kad bi prestala kiša, mogli bismo ići van.)

11. It’s time/ it’s high time/ it’s about time:11

12. Don't you think it's time you had a haircut?12

13. It’s time/ it’s high time/ it’s about time:
Ove izraze koristimo s Past Simple-om i Past
Continuous-om kad izričemo što bi govornik (subjekt) htio
da se dogodi sada ili u budućnosti:
It’s time you had a haircut.
It’s high time you got a job.
It’s about time we were leaving. 13

14. It’s time/ it’s high time/ it’s about time:
Ove izraze koristimo s to-infinitive kada u rečenici nema subjekta već se podrazumijeva tko bi to mogao biti, za izricanje radnje koja se treba dogoditi sada ili u budućnosti:
It’s time to buy a new car. 14

15. What if: 15

16. What if an elephant stepped (steps) on you

17. Suppose, Supposing & What if
Koliko smo se samo puta zapitali?
What if I had said this…
Suppose you met Leo Messi…
What if I had tried this…
Supposing it rains……
What if she came up to me and said that she loved me
Kao što se vidi iz gornjih primjera, “What if / Suppose” izraze možemo upotrijebiti za drugačije izricanje pogodbenog načina (kondicionala). 17

18. Suppose, Supposing & What if
Stoga se ti izrazi i ponašaju kao kondicionali, a to znači da ih možemo koristi s Present Tense-om (kao 1. kondicional) ili Past Tense-om (kao II kondicional) za izricanje sadašnje, odnosno buduće radnje.
Suppose it rains. What will you do if it rains?
What if it rains. What will you do if it rains?
What if there were jellyfish here. What would you do? You wouldn’t be willing to go into the sea. 18

19. Suppose, Supposing & What if
Stoga se ti izrazi i ponašaju kao kondicionali, a to znači da ih možemo koristi s Present Tense-om (kao I kondicional) ili Past Tense-om (kao II kondicional) za izricanje sadašnje, odnosno buduće (pogodbene) radnje.
Suppose it rains. What will you do if it rains?
What if it rains. What will you do if it rains?
What if there were jellyfish here. What would you do? You wouldn’t be willing to go into the sea. 19

20. as if / as though
Oba izraza koristimo za opisivanje zamišljenih, nestvarnih situacija, ali koje izgledaju kao da su stvarne.
It’s so cold. It looks as if it were winter.(but it’s not, it’s summer).
You’re talking to me as though I were* your servant.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*- ZAPAMTI! - u ovakvim rečenicama upotrijebit ćemo were umjesto was.
*- Vrlo često, u neformalnom govoru, umjesto ovih izraza koristi se “like”:
It looks like it could snow any minute. 20

21. Would prefer it if:
Ovaj izraz koristimo s past simple-om i past continuous-om kada subjekt izriče što bi više volio raditi sada ili u budućnosti:
I would prefer it if people didn’t use their mobile phone on public transport.
I’d prefer it if we were meeting/met at the cinema.

22. Would have preferred it if:
Ovaj izraz koristimo s past perfect-om kada subjekt izriče što bi više volio da se dogodilo u prošlosti:
We would have preferred it if you had warned us at the time.

23. Would prefer: I’d prefer to get involved.
Ovaj izraz koriostimo s to-infinitive kada u rečenici postoji jedan subjekt koji izriče što bi više volio raditi sada ili u budućnosti:
I’d prefer to get involved.

24. Would rather/would sooner:24

25. I'd rather he
 went. 25

26. Would rather/would sooner:
Ove izraze koristimo s past simple-om i past continuous-om kada subjekt izriče što bi više volio raditi u sadašnjosti i/ili budućnosti:
I would rather you went home now.
I’d sooner you came next week.
I’d rather my family were spending/spent more time together.

27. Would rather/would sooner:
Ove izraze koristimo s past perfect-om kada subjekt izriče žaljenje za prošlim događajima i načinom na koji su se dogodili :
I’d rather you had told me before.

28. Would rather/would sooner:
Kada u rečenici nema subjekta, već se on podrazumijeva, tada ove izraze koristimo s zero infinitive (infinitiv bez “to”) za izricanje onoga što bismo više voljeli raditi u sadašnjosti i/ili budućnosti:
I’d rather have something to eat.

29. Had better / might as well:
Za razliku od ostalih izraza iz ove skupine, izrazima “had better” i “might as well” dajemo savjet ili upozoravamo na negativne posljedice koje bi mogle proizići iz eventualnih nečijih postupaka. Slijedom toga, u nastavku “had better” često koristimo “or + will” za izricanje tih posljedica.
I’d better go now or I’ll miss the bus.
He’d better do it or he’ll be punished. 29

30. Had better:
U svakodnevnom govoru “had better” se uvijek krati kao “’d” i iza njega uvijek slijedi infinitiv bez rječice “to”.
She’d better get here soon, or we’ll be late for the movie.
I’d better go now (before something bad happens).
You’d better speak to Joan before you go. 30

31. Negacijski oblik “had better” je “’d better not”:
Had better not:
Negacijski oblik “had better” je “’d better not”:
She’d better not go there, or she’ll regret it.
I’d better not leave my things here (someone might steal them).
You’d better not speak to Joan like you speak to me (or you’ll be sorry) 31

32. May/Might as well:
Oblik “may/might as well” izriče da tijek radnje nije uvijek zadovoljavajući, ali da nema drugog/boljeg izbora. Iza njega uvijek slijedi infinitiv bez rječice “to”.
We’ll never repair our car. We might as well go there by bus.
It’s getting late now. We may as well have our lunch now. 32

33. THE END