1. Mitochondrial & Chloroplast Genes & Genesis
Lecture 23 BSCI 420/421 Oct

2. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts are semi-autonomous, energy
(ATP) producing organelles.
They each have their own genomes
But depend on the nucleus for most of their proteins.

3. Summary of Mitoch. Energy generation

4. ATP synthase can convert proton electrochemical gradients
Into ATP bond energy or vise versa

5. ATP Synthase Fo

6. Genesis of mitochondria and chloroplasts
Requires targeting of nuclear proteins to each of the
Compartments of these organelles.

7. Mit. Import signal
Polar (+) and Protein Transporters of the Mit.
non-polar striped membranes
alpha-helix

12. The human mitochondrial genome

13. The chloroplast genome
Of a liverwort