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Who was most important in Scottish resistance 1296-1304?
Why did Scots rebel? Early rebellions: McDougal – Western Isles Early rebellions: Bruce, Steward at Irvine Northern rebellions: Andrew Murray South Western rebellions: William Wallace Who won Stirling Bridge? Who lost Falkirk?
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Who was most important in Scottish resistance to the English?
Copy key timeline May 1297 Rebellion in South West under Wallace July 1297 Rebellion in North East under Murray Sept 1297 Battle of Stirling Bridge – Scots win Wallace and Murray Guardians of Scotland, Murray dies July 1298 Scots lose Battle of Falkirk Scots continue to fight under Bruce and Comyn 1305 Scots surrender, Wallace executed
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Why was there resistance?
Use the following facts to explain why Scots may have wanted to fight the English? (use p to help you) Or why they may not have wanted to: Battle of Dunbar Stone of Scone War with France Ragman’s roll Treasurer of Scotland Chancellor of Scotland 30,000 Oath of homage to Edward Community of the realm
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Why was there resistance?
Use the following facts to explain why Scots may have wanted to fight Or why they may not have wanted to: Battle of Dunbar = want to fight for revenge for English slaughter = not want to because no leaders left after 130 killed / captured Stone of Scone War with France Ragman’s roll Treasurer of Scotland Chancellor of Scotland 30,000 Oath of homage to Edward Community of the realm
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Quick Quiz: Who was most important?
Name competitors who had best claim through Proximity Primogeniture Support for Edward Treating Scotland as a fief (not a kingdom) When was the first rebellion? Who was Wishart and why was he important?
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When did resistance start?
Council of 12 Battle of Dunbar But then...
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When did resistance start?
Council of 12 = Battle of Dunbar = But then...
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Did Early rebellions help start resistance?
2. McDougal – Western Isles Didn’t like MacDonald family Edward appointed MacDonalds as leaders there = local war ? Are these heroes of Scottish resistance?
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Did Early rebellions help start resistance?
2. _______ – Western Isles Didn’t like _______ family Edward appointed MacDonalds as leaders there = local war ? Are these heroes of Scottish resistance?
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Did Early rebellions help start resistance?
3. Younger Bruce, and James Steward at Irvine = grandson of Bruce claimant, and ex- Guardian Loyal to Edward against Balliol in SW Edward gave SW to English lord Percy Bishop Wishart encouraged them to rebel Quickly surrendered at Irvine Why rebel and then surrender so quickly? X = greedy men failing quickly? OR = kept English busy allowing Wallace to start?
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Did Early rebellions help start resistance?
3. Younger Bruce, and James Steward = ... Loyal to Edward against .... Edward gave SW to... Bishop _______encouraged them to rebel Quickly surrendered at _______ Why rebel and then surrender so quickly? X = OR =
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4. Did Andrew Murray lead the resistance?
= loyal supporter of Balliol= fought at Dunbar Comyn family NE powerbase When returned from prison found his lands given to English FitzWarin By end 1297 had defeated all English N of Dundee Joined up with Wallace at Dundee Agreed to go together against English at Stirling
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4. Did Andrew Murray lead the resistance?
= loyal supporter of... _____ family ___ powerbase When returned from prison found ... By end Joined up with ... Agreed to go together against English at ...
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5. Did William Wallace lead the resistance?
Story of starting to avenge wife’s murder Known outlaw 1296 Murdered Heselrig Sheriff of Lanark May 1297 Joined by Sir William Douglas and many powerful men eg Wishart and Steward ? Used by them as ‘front man’ for their rebellion (explains why surrendered so quickly at Irvine?)
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5. Did William Wallace lead the resistance?
Story of starting to ... Known outlaw ... Murdered Heselrig ... In... Joined by _____and many powerful men eg ... ? Used by them as ... (explains why surrendered so quickly at Irvine?)
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What happened at Stirling Bridge 1297?
Use the textbook p to construct a moving model of the battle. lego model stirling bridge It should show: Map: shape of land, river, bridge, castle, ford English: Knights, leaders, Lennox & Steward, vanguard, cavalry, Welsh archers Scots: leaders, schiltrons Give stages of battle as x5+ bullet points
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Did the English lose? ? 6000 English, smaller and less organised than at Dunbar Cressingham leader = administrator not soldier Part of army was Scots = Lennox and Steward = unreliable Cressingham sent some soldiers home (save ££) Made serious mistakes eg bad choice of land, recalling soldiers
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Did the English lose? _____English, smaller and less organised than at Dunbar Cressingham leader = ... Part of army was Scots ... Cressingham sent ... Made serious mistakes eg ...
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Did the Scots win? Local Earls must have told their subjects to go Many from NE and Selkirk Used schiltrons = pikemen Chose strong place to fight – high ground Well timed: Waited for English advance over bridge
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Did the Scots win? Local Earls must have ... Many from .... Used schiltrons = ... Chose strong place to fight – ... Well timed: ...
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Did the Scots win? BUT: Encouraged English to attack Many English nobles had been against Edward before...
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Wallace & Murray winning? Murray died of his wounds Murray and Wallace made Guardians of Scotland (who were the 2 previous groups of Guardians?) ? Allowed to be Guardians because not a threat to Comyns or Balliol family + Common army following Wallace charters showing Wallace & Murray running Scotland Successfully defeated all but 2 English castles in Scotland Wallace granted lands to his followers (Scrymgeour got Dundee castle ) = feudalism
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Wallace & Murray winning? Murray and Wallace made Guardians of Scotland (who were the 2 previous groups of Guardians?) Murray died of his wounds ? Murray was the main winner of Stirling Bridge- had experience from eg Dunbar ? Allowed to be Guardians because not a threat to Comyns or Balliol family
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Who won Stirling Bridge 1297?
Wallace & Murray winning? Murray and Wallace made ... (who were the 2 previous groups of Guardians?) Murray ... ? Allowed to be Guardians because ...
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Who lost Falkirk 1298? 1. Did Wallace prepare badly? NO:
Confident government in name of King John Balliol Men followed Wallace despite Murray’s death Wallace not a claimant... So easier to follow Successfully defeated all but 2 English castles in Scotland Knighted by Earls Gave lands to followers = feudalism eg Scrymgeour Lubeck letter: shows Wallace making trade deals Attacked Carlisle, Newcastle
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Who lost Falkirk 1298? 1. Did Wallace prepare badly? NO:
Confident government in name of ... Men followed ... Wallace not a claimant... So ... Successfully defeated all but ... Knighted by ... Gave lands to followers = ... ______ letter: shows Wallace making trade deals Attacked ....
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Who lost Falkirk 1298? 2. Was England too strong?
115 barons, knights (cavalry), Welsh archers Edward I as leader 3. Were Scots too weak? 600 knights But Comyn, Steward and Earls absent 6000 pikemen
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Who lost Falkirk 1298? 4. Did Wallace prepare badly
Prepared defence of schiltrons with holes But meant they couldn’t move 5. Were Scots too weak? Too many English knights Too many Welsh archers Destroyed schiltrons with arrows 10,000 – 50,000 Scots killed
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Which is the better source?
Lancercost Chronicle Blind Harry John of Fordun PAD Content Missing To help explain events of the time...
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John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler
John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th century; and it is probable that he was a chaplain in the St Machar's Cathedral of Aberdeen.[1] The work of Fordun is the earliest attempt to write a continuous history of Scotland. We are informed that Fordun's patriotic zeal was roused by the removal or destruction of many national records by Edward III of England and that he travelled in England and Ireland, collecting material for his history.
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The Lanercost Chronicle is a northern English history covering the years 1201 to 1346.[1] It covers the Wars of Scottish Independence, but it is also highly digressive and as such provides insights into English life in the thirteenth century as well as Scottish life. It includes Robert the Bruce. He was a patriotic hater of the Scots"[3]
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Make a list of 10 + facts... Was Wallace a good resistance leader?
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How did Wallace first come to fame?
Who encouraged Wallace to fight? Why might Wishart have encouraged Wallace to fight? Who else was rebelling in the West and why? What is the problem with Blind Harry as a source? Who was rebelling in the North East and why? Give 3 key mistakes made by the English at Stirling bridge Why might Wallace not have been that good a leader? Why did the nobles follow Wallace? Why did Wallace lose the battle of Falkirk? What is the evidence for successful government by Wallace? What is a schiltron? What were the key differences between Stirling and Falkirk? Why did English armies come and go, and change size?
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How fully does Source 11 demonstrate the strength of Scottish resistance?
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How fully does Source 11 demonstrate the strength of Scottish resistance?
The source mentions the ‘robber’ William Wallace. He was a key figure in leading Scots to rebel. It says he was ‘almost’ their prince. This shows that Scots followed him even though he wasn’t their king showing how powerful he was as a leader. It mentions others including Douglas and Bruce. This shows that many important nobles joined in the fight. However it misses out the detail about their rebellion as the same time as Wallace and their surrender at Irvine- this shows less success in resistance. It mentions the Bishop of Glasgow. Wishart was central to organising resistance from Irvine to Selkirk.
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How fully does Source 11 demonstrate the strength of Scottish resistance?
However it misses out other rebellions such as the McDougal’s in the Western Isles which were not organised by Wishart. It also misses out the major rebellion by Murray in the North East. This was larger than Wallace’s at least at first, and Murray may have been a more important leader unti his death in It misses out the success of Scottish battles at Stirling. This was when a smaller Scottish army defeated an English army. It also misses out Wallace’s successful leadership of Scotland as Guardian- he encouraged trade with Lubeck for example. It mentions the ‘faithless Scots’. This refers to the Scots who had made an oath to Edward and then gone back on it after the Ragman’s roll. It shows how many Scots were willing to risk breaking their oath. Overall it misses out some important parts of Scottish resistance so doesn’t fully show the strength.
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