1. Tissues

2. Four types of tissues

3. Organs generally have multiple tissue types

4. Epithelial Tissue – General Characteristics
- Divides and organizes the body - Covers all body surfaces both inside and out (In between you and the outside world) -Also composes glands (structures that secrete substances like hormones, saliva, and many others)
Like a balloon

5. Epithelial Tissue - General Characteristics
- Attached to underlying connective tissue by non-cellular non-living basement membrane - No vascular tissue (blood supply) - Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing) - Cells tightly packed together

6. Epithelial Tissue - Functions
Protection from physical & chemical injury
Protection from microbial invasion
Contains receptors which respond to stimuli
Filters, secretes and reabsorbs materials
Secretes fluids to lubricate structures

7. Epithelial Tissue Remember – form follows function! Categorized by:
Number of layers:
Simple = one layer
Stratified = 2 or more layers
Shape:
Squamous = tile shaped
Cuboidal = cube shaped
Columnar = column shaped
Remember – form follows function!

10. Epithelial Tissue SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
single layer of very thin, flattened cells
Function: diffusion and filtration
Found in air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries

11. Epithelial Tissue SIMPLE CUBOIDAL Single layer, cube-shaped cells
Function: Secretion and absorption
Found in ducts of glands

12. Epithelial Tissue SIMPLE COLUMNAR single layer, elongated cells
Function in protection, secretion, absorption
Found in the lining of digestive tract. - some columnar cells (involved in absorption) have tiny finger-like processes from their free surface called microvilli (increases surface area)

13. Epithelial Tissue STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS multi-layered, squamous cells
Functions in protection.
Found lining body cavities like the mouth and outer layer of skin

14. Epithelial Tissue PSEUDOSTRATIFIED –
appear "stratified" but really a single layer with nuclei at various levels giving the appearance of layered cells
Function is secretion and cilia-aided movement
Found lining air passages like the trachea and tubes of the reproductive system
Usually ciliated (tiny, hair-like projections for sweeping materials along a surface).

15. Epithelial Tissue TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
thick, layered cuboidal cells
Function: "Stretchable" tissue, also forms barrier to block diffusion
Found: lining of urinary bladder.

16. Connective Tissue
General Characteristics: -Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout -Binds structures together -Provides support, protection, insulation, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue. -Composed of scattered cells with abundant intercellular non-living material (matrix) -Most has a good blood supply -Cells can reproduce

18. Connective Tissue
Types
Bone
Cartilage
Dense
Loose
Blood

19. Connective Tissue Bone Support, protection, movement
Mineral and fat storage
Blood cell production

20. Connective Tissue Cartilage Firm but flexible 3 Types
Hyaline – rubbery matrix, absorbs compression
2. Fibrocartilage – discs between vertebrae
3. Elastic – very flexible (ex. ear)

21. Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue – abundance of collagen fibers
Tendons – connect muscle to bone
Ligaments – connect bone to bone
Fibroblasts – connective tissue cells that produce collagen

22. Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue – softer, less fibrous
Areolar – holds organs in place
Adipose – fat
Reticular – forms scaffolding for lymph nodes

24. Connective Tissue
Blood – transport substances
Matrix = plasma

25. Muscle Tissue General Characteristics
- Elongated cells that can shorten to cause movement

26. Muscle Tissue
3 Types
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones, voluntary movement
Smooth – muscle that surround organs, involuntary
Cardiac – heart muscle, involuntary

27. Nervous Tissue General Characteristics
- Composed of neurons which transmit signals and neuroglial cells which support neurons