1. Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
CHAPTER 45
Order Lepidoptera
(Butterflies and Moths)
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

2. This anise swallowtail butterfly, Papilio zelicaon (Papilionidae), belongs to a
group of related species occuring across the northern Hemisphere.
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

3. Figure 45.1 Anatomy of Lepidoptera (Danaus plexippus, Nymphalidae, redrawn from Ehrlich, 1958): a, lateral view of body; b, antenna; c, mesothoracic leg; T, tergum; S, sternum.
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

4. Figure 45.2 Mouthparts of Lepidoptera: a, mandibles of Zeugloptera (Micropterygidae, Palaeomicroides); b, maxilla of same; c, head of moth, Synanthedon.
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

5. Figure 45.3 Wing coupling mechanisms of Lepidoptera: a, frenulum (Geometridae, Neoalcis californica); b, jugum (Hepialidae, Hepialus).
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

6. Figure 45.4 Reproductive systems of Lepidoptera (diagrammatic); a, monotrysian system; b, ditrysian system.
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

7. Figure 45.5 Larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

8. Figure 45.6 Taxonomic characters of Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

9. Figure 45.7 Taxonomic characters of Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

10. Figure 45.8 Taxonomic characters of Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

11. Figure 45.9 Representative Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

12. Figure 45.10 Wings of Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

13. Figure 45.11 Representative Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

14. Figure 45.12 Taxonomic characters of Lepidoptera:
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

15. Figure 45.13 Representative Lepidoptera
Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e
James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc.