1. Algebra: Graphs, Functions, and Linear Systems
CHAPTER 7
Algebra: Graphs, Functions, and Linear Systems

2. Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
7.4
Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

3. Objectives
Graph a linear inequality in two variables.
Use mathematical models involving linear inequalities.
Graph a system of linear inequalities.

4. Linear Inequalities in Two Variables and Their Solutions
If we change the symbol = in the equation Ax + By = C to >, <, ≥, or ≤, we obtain a linear inequality in two variables. For example, x + y < 2 and 3x – 5y ≥ 15 are linear inequalities in two variables. A solution of an inequality in two variables, x and y, is an ordered pair of real numbers such that when the x-coordinate is substituted for x and the y-coordinate is substituted for y in the inequality and we obtain a true statement.

5. The Graph of a Linear Inequality in Two Variables
The graph of an inequality in two variables is the set of all points whose coordinates satisfy the inequality.

6. Example: Graphing a Linear Inequality in Two Variables
Graph: 3x – 5y ≥ 15.
Solution:
Step 1 We need to graph 3x – 5y = 15. We can use intercepts to graph this line.
We set y = 0 to We set x = 0 to
find the x-intercept. find the y-intercept.
3x – 5y = x – 5y = 15
3x – 5 · 0 = · 0 – 5y = 15
3x = −5y = 15
x = y = −3

7. Example continued
The x-intercept is 5, so the line passes through (5,0). The y-intercept is −3, so the line passes through (0,−3). Step 2 We choose (0,0) as a test point. 3x – 5y ≥ 15 3 · 0 – 5 · 0 ≥ 15 0 – 0 ≥ 15 0 ≥ 15 NOT TRUE!

8. Example continued
Step 3 Since the statement is false, we shade the half-plane that does not include the test point (0,0). Thus, the graph with the shading is the solution to the given inequality.

9. Example: The Graph of a Linear Inequality in Two Variables
Graph: Solution: Step 1 We need to graph Since the inequality > is given, we use a dashed line.

10. Example continued
Step 2 We choose a test point not on the line, (1, 1), which lies in the half-plane above the line. TRUE! Step 3 Since the statement is true, then we shade the half-plane that includes the test point (1, 1).

11. Graphing Linear Inequalities without Using Test Points
For the vertical line x = a: If x > a, shade the half-plane to the right of x = a. If x < a, shade the half-plane to the left of x = a.
For the horizontal line y = b:
If y > b, shade the half-plane above y = b.
If y < b, shade the half-plane below y = b.

12. Example: Graphing Inequalities Without Using Test Points
Graph each inequality in a rectangular coordinate system: a. y ≤ −3 b. x > 2 Solution: a. y ≤ −3 b. x > 2

13. Modeling with Systems of Linear Inequalities
Just as two or more linear equations make up a system of linear equations, two or more linear inequalities make up a system of linear inequalities. A solution of a system of linear inequalities in two variables is an ordered pair that satisfies each inequalities in the system.

14. Graphing Systems of Linear Inequalities
The solution set of a system of linear inequalities in two variables is the set of all ordered pairs that satisfy each inequality in the system.

15. Example: Graphing a System of Linear Inequalities
Graph the solution set of the system: x – y < 1 2x + 3y ≥ 12.