1. Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy – structure (morphology) of body parts
Physiology – functions of the body parts
Why is it difficult to separate the 2 topics?

2. Characteristics of Life
Grow –
Respond –
Move –
Reproduce –
Respirate -

3. Characteristics of Life
Movement – change in____________; motion
Responsiveness – ___________to an internal or
external change
Growth – increase in size
Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells
Respiration – obtaining __________; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

4. Sexual reproduction
Asexual
Reproduction

5. Digest – Excrete – Circulate – Absorb –
Metabolism -> consists of the physical &
chemical events that utilize and release
energy.

6. Characteristics of Life
Digestion – breakdown of food substances
Absorption – passage of ____________ through membranes and into body fluids
Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids
Assimilation – changing of ________ _______ chemically into different substances
Excretion – removal of wastes
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7. Requirements of Life
Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure
Homeostasis – maintenance of
a stable internal environment

8. Homeostasis Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
Receptors - ____________________
Control center - tells what a particular value should be
Effectors - ________________________ change internal environment
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9. Homeostasis
Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes
Receptors - ____________________
Control center - tells what a particular value should be
Effectors - ________________________ change internal environment
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10. Homeostatic Mechanisms
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11. Requirements of Organisms
Water
- ______________ substance in body
- required for _______________ processes
- required for transport
- regulates ___________________
Food
- supply energy
- supply raw materials
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12. Requirements of Organisms
Oxygen
- ___________________
- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat
- _________________
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure
- ___________________ – important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure – keeps ___________flowing
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15. Negative feedback – self-regulating control
system that receives signals about changes
in the internal environment, then causes a
response to reverse the changes to the
“set point”
Positive feedback - ?

16. Part Two

17. Cells ->
tissues ->
organs ->
organ systems->
organism

18. Levels of Organization
Atom – ________ atom, carbon atom
Molecule – water molecule
Macromolecule organic ;protein molecule
Organelle – cellular; Golgi apparatus
Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell
Tissue – connective tissue, muscle tissue
Organ – ______, brain, femur
Organ System – skeletal system
Organism - _________
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19. Levels of Organization
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20. Major human features: cavities, membranes,
and organ systems
Appendicular portion –
upper & lower limbs
Axial portion –
head, neck, and trunk

21. dorsal cavity – cranial, vertebral canal
ventral cavity – thoracic, (diaphragm),
abdominopelvic
abdominopelvic> stomach, liver,
spleen, gall bladder, small &
large intestines
pelvic>terminal end of large intestine,
urinary bladder, internal reproductive
organs

22. Body Cavities

23. Cavities: cranial – brain
thoracic – chest
abdominal – stomach
pelvic – hip
spinal – vertebrae
Membranes –
serous – fluid (parietal/visceral)
pleural – lung
pericardial – heart
peritoneal - abdomen

24. Serous Membranes Thoracic Membranes Abdominopelvic Membranes
Visceral layer – ____________________
Parietal layer – __________________________
Thoracic Membranes
_________ pleura
________pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes
Visceral peritoneum
_____________________

26. 11 organ systems:
-integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- cardio-vascular
- respiratory
- digestive
- excretory/urinary
- reproductive
- endocrine
- lymphatic

27. Organ Systems
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28. Organ Systems
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29. Integumentary – skin: including hair,
nails (protection, regulation and sensory)
Skeletal – bones: ligaments, cartilage
(support)
Muscular – muscles (movement)
Nervous - brain, spinal cord, nerves
(communication and control)
Cardio-vascular – heart, vessels
(transport)
Respiratory – nasal cavity, trachea,
lungs (gas exchange)

30. Organ Systems
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31. Digestive – mouth, stomach, intestines,
liver… (absorption)
Excretion / Urinary - lungs, kidneys,
intestine, skin … (waste removal)
- kidney, ureters, bladder (water
balance and eliminate waste)
Reproductive - testes, ovaries
(offspring production)
Endocrine - glands, hormones
(messengers)
Lymphatic - glands, lymph vessels
(transport)

32. Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – body_____________, facing _________, upper limbs at the sides, __________ forward
Terms of Relative Position
Superior versus inferior
Anterior versus Posterior
Medial versus lateral
Ipsilateral versus Contralateral
Proximal versus Distal
Superficial versus Deep
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33. Body Sections Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median Transverse / Cross
Coronal or Frontal
Oblique
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34. Abdominal Subdivisions
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35. Stop here

36. Body Regions
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37. Clinical Application Medical Imaging
Noninvasive procedures
Provide images of ____________________ structures
________________
Use of high-frequency sound waves
Relatively _____ and inexpensive
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Requires ______________
Produces computerized ____________, _________, and __________ sections of area being studied
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38. May need to include “right / left”
Illiac superior
Hypochondriac inferior
Hypogastric anterior
Lumbar posterior
Epigastric lateral
Umbilical medial
proximal
Coronal distal
Sagital
Transverse cell
Oblique molecule
organelle
organ
tissue