1. Beginnings of the Cold war

2. In what ways were the Soviet Union and the United States different?
The U.S. is a capitalist democracy with many individual rights and freedoms,
The Soviet Union was a communist dictatorship with severe restrictions on individual rights.

3. Soviets Control Eastern Europe
What countries in Eastern Europe remained in Soviet control after WWII? What were they known as?
Eastern Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. Satellite States

4. Responding to the Soviet Challenge
What did Winston Churchill mean when he said, “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”?
The division of Europe – Western Europe with free and democratic governments and Eastern Europe with communist governments under the control of the Soviet Union

5. Truman Faces Soviet Aggression in Eastern Europe
What problems were the governments of Greece and Turkey facing after WWII?
Both were struggling against communist movements supported by the Soviets

6. The Truman Doctrine Opposes Soviet Aggression
Truman Doctrine – President Truman’s promise to aid nations struggling against communist movements.

7. The United States Contains Soviet Expansion
Containment – U.S. foreign policy who’s goal was to keep communism contained within its existing borders
Kennan Urges a Policy of Containment
According to American diplomat George F. Kennan, what would Stalin and the Soviet Union not risk in attempting to expand Communism?
They would not risk the security of the Soviet Union for expansion. They would not chance a war with the U.S.

8. United States Responds with Marshall Plan
What was the Marshall Plan?
The U.S. plan to help Europe recover from the effects of WWII. The U.S. gave $13 billion in grants and loans to nations in Western Europe.
How did the Marshall Plan provide both economic and political benefits to the United States?
The prosperity it stimulated helped the American economy by increasing trade and the good relationships that the aid created worked against the expansion of communisim.

10. Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War
United States and Britain Respond with Berlin Airlift
What did the Soviet Union do to West Berlin in June of 1948?
They stopped all highway, railway, and waterway traffic from Western Germany into West Berlin.
How did the U.S. and Great Britain respond to the Berlin blockade? What was it known as?
They responded by supplying West Berlin through a massive airlift that lasted nearly a year. It was known as the Berlin Airlift.

11. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What was the purpose of NATO?
The alliance was formed to counter Soviet aggression with the principle of Collective Security
How did the Soviet Union respond to the formation of NATO?
The Soviets responded with the Warsaw Pact – an alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states