1. What are the parts of an experiment
What are the parts of an experiment? Do Now: Name the 4 Earth Spheres Nature of science Notes HW: Castle Learning Nature of Science Due Monday

2. the study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere Meteorology
Astronomy
the study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere
Meteorology
the study of the forces and processes that cause the atmosphere to change and produce weather
Geology
the study of materials that make up Earth, the processes that form and change these materials, and the history of the planet and its life- forms
Oceanography
the study of Earth’s oceans
Environmental science
the study of the interactions of organisms and their surroundings
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Earth Science

3. Earth’s Systems Geosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere
the area from the surface of Earth down to its center
Atmosphere
the blanket of gases that surrounds our planet
Hydrosphere
all the water on Earth, including the water in the atmosphere, and the permanently frozen water in the cryosphere
Biosphere
all organisms on Earth as well as the environments in which they live
Earth Science
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4. The Nature of Scientific Investigations
Scientists use similar methods to gather data and communicate information.
Scientific methods are a series of problem-solving procedures that helps scientists conduct experiments.
A hypothesis is a testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved by careful procedures.
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Methods of Scientists

5. Analysis and conclusions
Experimentation
An experiment is classified as an organized procedure that involves making observations and measurements to test a hypothesis.
The independent variable in an experiment is the factor that is changed by the experimenter.
A dependent variable is a factor that is affected by changes in the independent variable.
A control is used in an experiment to show that the results of an experiment are a result of the condition being tested.
Analysis and conclusions
During a scientific experiment, all data are carefully recorded.
Once an experiment is complete, graphs, tables, and charts are commonly used to display data.
These data are then analyzed so that a conclusion can be drawn.
Methods of Scientists
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6. The SI unit for length is the meter (m).
Measurement
Length
The SI unit for length is the meter (m).
Mass
The amount of matter in an object is called mass.
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
Methods of Scientists
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7. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
Measurement
Weight
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.
The SI unit for force is the newton (N).
Area and volume
Area is the amount of surface included within a set of boundaries.
The SI unit for area is square meters (m2).
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
The SI unit for volume is cubic meters (m3).
Methods of Scientists
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8. Measurement Density Temperature
Density is the measure of the amount of matter that occupies a given space.
The SI units for density are expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), grams per milliliter (g/mL), and kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material.
The SI unit for temperature is the kelvin (K).
Absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature.
Methods of Scientists
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9. In scientific notation, a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.
Examples
The number of grains of sand on Earth is approximately 4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 and would be written as 4 × 1021.
The mass of Earth at 5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg would be written as × 1024 kg.
Methods of Scientists
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10. Communicating Results
Graphs
In line graphs, the independent variable is plotted on the horizontal (x) axis, and the dependent variable is plotted on the vertical (y) axis.
Communication in Science
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11. Communicating Results
Graphs
Circle graphs show a fixed quantity using slices representing parts of the whole.
Bar graphs represent quantitative data using bars.
Communication in Science
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12. Theories and Laws
A scientific theory is an explanation based on many observations during repeated investigations.
A scientific law is a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon.
Communication in Science
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