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Published byHarjanti Setiawan Modified over 6 years ago
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Proponents: D. Johnson & R. Johnson; R. Slavin; S. Kagan
COOPERATIVE LEARNING Proponents: D. Johnson & R. Johnson; R. Slavin; S. Kagan
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Three Classroom Structures
Competitive—a step ahead Individualistic—walking alone Cooperative—in step together
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All three structures are effective
While Competitive and Individualistic structures may be judiciously used, Cooperative structure may be more profusely used in our classrooms. But a teacher needs to deeply understand CL to make it as effective a tool as possible.
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What is Cooperative Learning?
Cooperative learning refers to those teaching strategies which help teachers provide information and skills to students using small groups (2-6).
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Research-based Benefits of Cooperative Learning
Higher achievement Increased retention Greater use of higher level thinking Greater intrinsic motivation
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Research-based Benefits of Cooperative Learning
Better attitude Teachers Subject matter School More on-task behavior Greater collaborative skills
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Five Elements or Characteristics of CL
Positive Interdependence Individual Accountability Group Processing Social Skills Face to Face Interaction
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Positive Interdependence
The group must work together— no chauffeurs or hitch-hikers The group shares a common goal Ways to achieve Assign roles Use limited materials
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Individual Accountability
Each one is responsible for what is done and learned Ways to achieve Random questioning Quiz
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Group Processing Members assess their own effectiveness
Academic Social Teacher observes and notes
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Social Skills Human relation skill are part of the CL interactions
Examples of social skills Taking turns Disagreeing in agreeable ways Reaching consensus Use a T-chart to teach social skills
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Face to Face Interaction
Seating arrangement-- circular Proximity Shared materials
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Ways to Group Random—use color-coded stickers, balloons; numbering off, etc. Heterogeneous—form groups with a good mix of high, low and average achievers Sociometrically—use the sociometric procedure
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Some CL Structures Think-Pair- Share Think-Pair- Square
Think-Square- Share Rally Table Round Robin Numbered Heads Together
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Some Major CL Strategies
Jigsaw Basic Jigsaw Group Jigsaw Expert Jigsaw Graffiti
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