1. Renaissance

2. Renaissance
the rebirth of art and culture from antiquity (Ancient Greece and Rome)

3. Growth of Cities Description: As trade revived so did cities
Merchants settled in the old Roman cities
Artisans then followed
had the skills to make the items that merchants could sell

4. Let’s review … What were medieval towns like?
Write down one characteristic of medieval towns. Turn to your partner, and share your characteristic. Write down your partner’s characteristic.
Be prepared to share both!

5. Medieval Towns Space: crowded within the walls streets were narrow
second and third story of buildings reached over the streets

6. Medieval Towns Fire: danger was great buildings were mostly wood
candles and wood fires were used for light and heat

7. Medieval Towns Pleasantness: not pleasant
dirty and smelled from human and animal waste
wood fires created air pollution

8. Medieval Towns Manufacturing Center:
a variety of crafts were manufactured in the houses
ex. cloth, metalwork, shoes, and leather goods

9. Growth of Cities New Cities and Towns: founded in northern Europe
a group of merchants built a settlement near a castle on a trade route
the lord would offer protection
walls were built to protect it
medieval cities were small

10. Growth of Cities Bourgeoisie:
the merchants and artisans of these cities
from the German word burg, which means “a walled enclosure”

11. Guilds business associations twelfth century organized by craftspeople
played a leading role in urban economic life
by the thirteenth century almost every craft had a guild

12. Italian States Examples: larger Italian cities
Venice, Florence, Milan, and Genoa
were small compared to Constantinople or Baghdad

13. Italian States Effect:
played crucial roles in the Italian politics of the time
prospered from trade with the Byzantine, Islamic, and Mediterranean civilizations
set up trading centers in the east due to the Crusades
exchanged goods with merchants in England and the Netherlands

14. The Republic of Florence
dominated the Tuscany region
in the fourteenth century a wealthy group of merchants controlled the Florentine government
led a series of successful wars against their neighbors, and established Florence as a major city-state

15. Stop and Think!
Why do you think the Renaissance began in Italian cities, particularly Florence?

16. Medici Family Rise of the Medici’s:
in 1434 Cosimo de’ Medici took control of Florence
Cosimo then his grandson Lorenzo, dominated Florence when it was the cultural center of Italy
The Medici family encouraged the development of the arts

17. The Powerful Medici family of Florence, Italy
Cosimo de Medici

18. Medici Family Girolamo Savonarola: late 1440s
economy declined because of English and Flemish competition for the cloth market
a Dominican preacher named Girolamo Savonarola condemned the Medicis’ corruption and excesses
many people followed Savonarola
caused the Medicis to give up control of Florence
people grew tired of Savonarola’s regulations
no gambling, swearing, dancing, painting

19. Medici Family Effect: Savonarola convicted of heresy
executed in 1498 after criticizing the pope.
Medicis returned to power

20. Machiavelli Description: authored The Prince
one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world
how to get and keep political power

21. Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince
From this arises the question whether it is better to be loved more than feared, or feared more than loved. The reply is, that one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved, if one of the two has to be wanting. For it may be said of men in general that they are ungrateful, voluble [changeable], dissemblers [liars], anxious to avoid danger, and covetous of gain; as long as you benefit them, they are entirely yours; they offer you their blood, their goods, their life, and their children, as I have before said, when the necessity is remote; but when it approaches, they revolt. And the prince, who has relied solely on their words, without making preparations, is ruined.
How does Machiavelli describe human nature?
Summarize his advice for rulers. (What is he telling a prince to do in order to keep power?)

22. Machiavelli Old Political Thought:
previous authors stressed that princes should be ethical and follow Christian principles

23. Machiavelli Machiavelli’s Political Thought:
argued the prince’s attitude toward power should be based on understanding that human nature is self-interested
a prince should not act on moral principles but on behalf of the interests of the state

24. Machiavelli
Impact:
first to abandon morality as the basis for analyzing political activity
influenced political leaders who followed

25. Stop and Think!
How do Machiavelli’s ideas reflect changes from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?