1. Progressive Movement Part II
US History
Objectives :
**Describe industrial working conditions in the USA in the late 1800s
**List the barriers to labor union growth
SOL – VUS.8
Timeline – 1870s-1920s

2. Oops, I forgot to include this last class Company Town
Town rules set by the Company not Gov’t
Company money, houses, stores
Never paid as much as they owed for houses – cycle of debt

3. Impact of Labor Unions
The poor working conditions and low wages gave rise to the organization of unions
Accomplishments
Limited Work Hours
Regulated working conditions

4. Knights of Labor (est. 1868) 1st major national union
Union tool – The strike
Inspired others:

5. American Federation of Labor (AFL) (est. 1886)
Samuel Gompers
Became biggest USA union

6. Other Early Unions American Railway Union
Eugene V. Debs – Founder
International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union

7. Labor - The Strike
The tool used by workers/unions to protest poor conditions and pay
Refusal to work
Protest/picket

8. Business - Scabs
People hired by business to break labor and strikes

9. Haymarket Square Strike and Riot Chicago, Illinois (May 4, 1886)
Labor union protest
Pipe bomb by crazy anarchist gets thrown at police
Riot ensues

10. Public Opinion on Labor
Splits opinion by USA
**anger at violence at strikes
**labor gets associated w/ anarchism

11. Other Strikes you need to know
Homestead Strike – Broke up by U.S. Marshals and troops
Pullman Strike – Results in Labor Day

12. Government Action Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Prevents any business structure that “restrains trade” (monopolies)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Woodrow Wilson
Expands Sherman Anti-Trust Act; outlaws price-fixing; exempts unions from Sherman Act

13. President Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1909)
Square Deal
look out for the “common man”
4 ideals of the Square Deal
**Conservation
**Regulating Business
**Enforcing Anti-Trust Laws
**Supporting Progressive
Ideas

14. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (est. 1890)
Law that banned monopolies
TR uses law to break up 44 different trusts

15. Federal Parks saved by TR:
Conservation
Set aside USA land for parks and forest reserves
Federal Parks saved by TR:
**Grand Canyon
**Petrified Forest
**Crater Lake
**Natural Bridge

16. Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom
Reduced Tariff’s - Underwood Tariff Act
Reform the Banking System – Federal Reserve
Trusts – Federal Trade Commission
Worker’s Rights
Last Prez from VA