1. Shapes of States & Size

2. With your partner, take notes (on the left and right) of the various shapes of states. You will need 5 boxes for the shapes.
You will also take notes on the information about enclaves, landlocked, and size of states.
Type of shape Name
(Draw picture of the shape)
Key Characteristics
Characteristics
Country examples:
Pros of this Shape (2) Cons of this shape (2)

3. Shapes of States Compact States Efficient Theoretically round
Capital in center
Shortest possible boundaries to defend
Improved communications
Ex. Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Poland, Uraguay

4. Compact

5. Shapes of States Prorupted States w./large projecting extension
Sometimes natural
Sometimes to gain a resource or advantage, such as to reach water, create a buffer zone
Ex. Thailand, Myanmar, Namibia, Mozambique, Cameroon, Congo

6. Prorupted

7. Shapes of States Elongated States States that are long and narrow
Suffer from poor internal communication
Capital may be isolated
Ex. Chile, Norway, Vietnam, Italy, Gambia

8. Elongated

9. Shapes of States Fragmented States
Several discontinuous pieces of territory
Technically, all states w/off shore islands
Two kinds: separated by water & separated by an intervening state
Exclave –
Ex. Indonesia, USA, Philippines

10. Fragmented

11. Shapes of States Perforated States
A country that completely surrounds another state
Enclave – the surrounded territory
Ex. Lesotho/South Africa, San Marino & Vatican City/Italy

12. Perforated

13. Enclaves and exclaves
An enclave is an area surrounded by a country but not ruled by it.
It can be self-governing or an exclave of another country. Example-- Lesotho
Can be problematic for the surrounding country.
Pene-enclave—an intrusive piece of territory with a tiny outlet such as Gambia.

14. Exclave
An exclave is part national territory separated from the main body of the country to which it belongs.
Example: Kaliningrad, separated from Russia.
Very undesirable if a hostile power holds the intervening territory.
Defense and supplies are problematic.
Inhabitants may develop separatist ideas.
Example: Pakistan and Bangladesh.

15. Landlocked States No access to major sea or ocean
Must negotiate rights to move resources through other countries – problems exist when countries do not agree on fundamental policies

16. Location
Relative location: Some states are landlocked.

17. Size: a classification system
Very large
Over 1 million square miles
Large
135,000 to 1 million square miles
Medium
60,000 to 135,000 square miles
Small
10,000 to 60,000 square miles
Very small
Under 10, 000 square miles
Ministates
500 to 5,000 square miles
Microstates
Under 500 square miles