1. Empress Dowager Cixi – Qing Dynasty

2. Sino-Japanese War, 1895

7. 1st Open Door Note 1899
John Hay

9. Origin of Boxer Rebellion

10. Simplified Chinese: 义和团运动
Traditional Chinese: 義和團運動
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists” or “Boxers United in Righteousness”

14. Casualties and losses:
2 500 foreign soldiers, 2,000 Imperial troops[1] Unknown number of Boxers, 32,000 Chinese Christians killed, plus 200 missionaries, by Boxers (in northern China)[2] 100,000 civilians killed by Boxers in total[3] 5,000 civilians killed by foreign soldiers in total[3]

15. Foreign troops in Bejing

16. Troops of the Eight nations alliance of 1900
Troops of the Eight nations alliance of Left to right: Britain, United States, Australian colonial, British India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia Italy, Japan.

19. 2nd Open Door Note, 1900