1. Prosthetic Mitral Valve Replacement: Late Complications After Native Valve Preservation 
Eduardo Esper, MD, Francis D Ferdinand, MD, Solomon Aronson, MD, Robert B Karp, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 2, Pages (February 1997)
DOI: /S (96)

2. Fig. 1
Diastolic echocardiographic views of patient 1. In the preoperative view through the mitral valve, turbulence of flow can be seen under the prosthesis in an otherwise intact subvalvular apparatus. In the postoperative view, notice no turbulence of flow. (LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

3. Fig. 2
Systolic echocardiographic views of patient 1. In the preoperative view, the arrow points to a regurgitant jet. Postoperative view only demonstrates minimal amount of regurgitant jet typical of a valvular prosthesis. (LA = left atrium.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

4. Fig. 3
Three-catheter wave form analysis using Millar catheters in the deep portion of the left ventricle (LV), the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), and the aorta (Ao). There is approximately 100 mm Hg gradient between the LV and the LVOT, as well as spike and dome morphology characteristic of LVOT obstruction.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )