1. Biochemistry Biophysics
SCIENCE
BIOLOGICAL
(Living)
Biology
Anatomy
Zoology
Genetics
PHYSICAL
(Non-living)
Chemistry
Physics
Astronomy
Geology
Biochemistry Biophysics

2. What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
Chemistry is the study of matter

3. Branches of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry – study of carbon-containing compounds
Inorganic Chemistry – study of non-organic substances
Physical Chemistry – study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Analytical Chemistry – the identification of components and composition of materials
Biochemistry – the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Theoretical Chemistry – the use of mathematics and computers to understand principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict properties of new compounds

4. Types of Research Basic Research – knowledge for knowledge’s sake
Applied Research - done to reach particular goals defined by specific needs
To solve a problem
Technological Development – produce products that improve our quality of life

5. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass is a measure of matter

6. Physical States of Matter
Solid - defined volume and shape
Tigthly packed particles
Low kinetic energy
Liquid – a definite volume but indefinite shape
Tightly packed particles, with loose attraction to one another
Gas – neither definite volume or shape
Particles are far apart, can be compressed
High kinetic energy
Plasma – high temperature state in which atoms lose most of their electrons
Ex. – fluorescent bulbs, lightning, and the sun

7. Properties of Matter
Atom - smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
Element – a pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
Compound - a substance made up of 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- each substance loses own, and gains new properties

8. Classifying Matter
Matter falls into 1 of 2 categories, Pure Substances or Mixtures
Pure Substance – has same type of particle throughout
- element or compound only
Mixture – a substance that has a variable composition, a blend of two types of particles.
- not chemically joined
- each substance retains own properties

9. Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture – same throughout, or uniform in composition. Also known as a solution
Heterogeneous Mixture – not uniform throughout, contains regions with different properties

10. Separation of Mixtures
Distillation – separation of mixtures via differences in boiling points
Vaporization – one volatile component, easy to vaporize
Filtration – separation of mixtures by particle size
Decantation – pour off liquid portion

11. Matter Can it be separated? Pure substances Mixtures
YES NO
Pure substances
Mixtures
Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
Is the composition uniform?
Homogeneous mixtures
(air, sugar in water, stainless steel)
Heterogeneous mixtures
(granite, wood, blood)
Compounds
(water, sodium chloride, sucrose)
Elements
(gold, aluminum, oxygen, chlorine)

12. Physical Properties of Matter
Intensive Property – do not depend of amount of matter present
Extensive Property – depend on the amount of matter present

13. Physical Properties and Changes
Physical Property – a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Physical Change – a change that doesn’t involve change in identity

14. Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Property – describe a substances ability to be transformed into a different substance
Chemical Change – a change that does involve a change in identity or a chemical reaction

15. Clue words that identify a Physical or Chemical change
Grinding
Reacts
Cutting
Decomposes
Melting
Combines
Boiling
Decays
Mix
Oxidizes
Stir
Synthesized
Bend
Produce a gas/fizzes
Dissolve
Burns
vaporize
Tarnishes
Condense
Corrodes
Shake
Reduces
agitate
Combusts

16. Energy and Changes in Matter
Energy is always involved in physical or chemical changes
Energy comes in two forms:
Kinetic energy – energy of motion
Potential Energy – stored energy
Chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds that hold atoms together
Can be released as heat or light

17. Energy in Chemical Reactions
Exothermic – Reactions that release energy
Endothermic – Reactions that absorb energy

18. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can either be absorbed or released during a chemical/physical change.
It is not created or destroyed

19. Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical/physical change
Identity may change but total mass must remain the same