1. Matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
It’s what the world is made of.
Here are some notes

2. Classifying Matter

3. Types of Mixtures Homogenous- uniform throughout
Ex.
-Solutions
-Tea
-Salt water
-Colloids on a macroscopic scale
Heterogeneous- not uniform throughout
Ex.
-Wet Sand
-Lucky Charms
-Oil and water
Colloids- on a microscopic scale

4. Separating Mixtures Distillation:
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.

5. Separating Mixtures
Filtration – This method is often used when solids and liquids are mixed together.
Another example of this on a larger scale is panning for gold where we can separate liquids and smaller solids like sand.

6. Pure Substances Compound: Contains two or more types of elements.
Ex.
Ammonia-NH3
Water – H2O
Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Hydroxide – OH-
Elements:
Contains atoms of only 1 type.
Ex.
O2 - oxygen
Au- Gold
Ag- Silver
Fe- Iron
I2 - Iodine

7. States and Phases of Matter

8. Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
Solids have mass.
Solids take up space.
Read more!

9. Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together
Have very little energy
Vibrate in place

10. Liquids
Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume.
Liquids have mass.
Liquids take up space.
Read more!

11. Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels
Particles flow around each other

12. Gases
Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume.
Gases have mass.
Gases take up space.
Read more!

13. Particles in Gases:
Move freely
Have LOTS of energy

14. Plasma Lightning is a plasma.
Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.
Read more!

15. Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged
Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

16. Phases in Matter vs. States
Phase- each section of matter that is the same throughout
State- Tells whether a substance is solid liquid or gas
Ex. Oil and Water
2 phases- there are 2 distinct layers even though they are both liquid
1 state- oil and water are both liquid

17. Phase Changes

18. Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

19. Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?

20. Liquid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to liquids, they become gases!
What examples can you think of?

21. Energy determines the state!

22. Physical Vs. Chemical Property
Physical Property-
can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter
Ex. appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity
Chemical Property- is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity
Ex:
Reactivity, pH, Combustibility

23. Physical Properties
Intensive Property: doesn't change when you take away some of the sample
Extensive Property: changes when the size of the sample changes

25. Density Of Liquids
Density = Mass / Volume

26. Density of Solids
Density is how much “stuff” or mass you can pack into a given volume.
It is specific for every object, element or compound
If we Graph Mass vs. Volume density is the slope

27. Density Depends on Temp
As temperature increases density usually decreases.
ex. Metal expands with heat D=M/V increase V decreases D
Water is weird because Ice due to its structure has a lower density then water even though it is colder.

28. Physical vs. Chemical Change

29. Chemical Reactions Endothermic vs. Exothermic
Endothermic Reaction: process describes a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings, often in the form of heat
Exothermic Reaction: chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.

30. Endothermic

31. Exothermic