1. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Bell Ringer
Which would be the easiest to hold in your hand a small rock, 100mL of water, or helium from a balloon? Why?
Which is the most difficult to hold and why?
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

2. Chapter 3 Section 1 States of Matter
Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

3. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
The most basic classification scheme of matter is based on the states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Of these the least discussed in most texts is plasma even though it is the most abundant of all states. 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

4. Classifying the Four Types
Classify them based upon…
particle arrangement
energy of particles
distance between particles
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

5. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
1. Solids
Particles are tightly packed, very close together, and vibrate about a fixed position
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

6. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Two types of solids:
1. Crystalline – the particles form a regular, repeating pattern.
It has a specific melting point.
Examples: salt, sugar, snow
2. Amorphous- the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern
It may become softer or change into other substances at different temperatures.
Examples: plastic, rubber, butter, glass
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

7. Particle Movement Examples
Solids
Particle Movement Examples
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

8. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
2. Liquids
Particles are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
A liquid can also be called a fluid – “substance that flows”
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

9. Particle Movement Examples
Liquids
Particle Movement Examples
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

10. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Properties of Liquids
Surface tension – is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that bring the molecules on the surface closer together.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

11. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Properties of Liquids
Viscosity- a liquid’s resistance to flowing
High viscosity  flow slowly
Ex: Honey
Low viscosity  flow quickly
Ex: Water
Viscosity video
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

12. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
3. Gases
Particles are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

13. Particle Movement Examples
Gases
Particle Movement Examples
Particles of a gas move randomly and must be contained from all surfaces.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

14. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
4. Plasma
an ionized gas.
a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
In a plasma the electrons have been stripped away from the central nucleus. Therefore, a plasma consists of a sea of ions and electrons and is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Electrons are separated from their respective nucleus when enough heat is applied. In a controlled thermonuclear fusion research, plasmas are heated to over 100 million degrees.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

15. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Plasma
Particles
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).
The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue).
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

16. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Plasma
Examples
Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescent light bulbs, Cathode Ray Tubes, neon signs, and lightening.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

17. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
Let’s Review…
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

18. States of Matter The Four States of Matter
The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure
Particle arrangement
Particle energy
Particle to particle distance
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter