1. China under Mao Zedong 1949 - 1976

2. The Great Leap Forward 1958-1963
Done through mass mobilization and
people’s communes

3. Great Leap Forward Collective Farming
Communes had up to 75,000 people in each.
Each commune would run its own schools, hospitals, farms etc.
Communes would set up their own factories to produce the materials they needed to do these things.
Each family in the commune would receive a share of any profit made and each also had a small plot of private land where they could grow things for profit.

4. The Failure Unrealistic project Ill-trained peasants
While industrial output does leap by 55% in 1958, subsequent years see large falls
Just two years later in 1960 agricultural output falls by 14%
About 30 million people died in the famine

5. Great Leap Forward (1958-1963) Unrealistic output targets industry
agricultural and human disaster

6. Growing Opposition
Mao questions the commitment of the Chinese people (are there still those in China that want Capitalism?)
Mao even believed that there were people in the government that opposed his direction for China and were secretly Capitalists
(is this McCarthyism in China?)

7. Growing Division ( )
Mao Zedong vs. Liu Shaoqi (Mao’s 2nd in command and president of the P.R.C) and Deng Xiaoping (General Secretary of the P.R.C)
Mao felt they were a threat to his power

8. The Cultural Revolution
Photograph taken in February 1967 of Red Guards displaying leaders of “Anti-Revolutionary Groups.” The accused, wearing dunce caps, commonly were teachers and professors.

9. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Commitment to revolution and “class struggle”
Decade of chaos – “to rebel is justified!”
Destroy the Four Olds
Ideas
Culture
Customs
Habits

10. Mao’s Motives Regain decision making in China
Wanted the youth in China to experience their own revolution!
By supporting the Cultural Revolution he was able to regain power and have many rivals arrested or put in labor camps like Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping
Mao’s personal philosophy of continuous revolution

11. Red Guards ( )

12. Red Guards ( )
Mobilized students and young adults to act as agents of the Revolution
Why were students involved and why did they respond to Mao?
1. Idealism and love for Mao
2. Need to belong to something
3. Venting frustration at the school system
4. Thrill seeking?

13. The “Gang of Four” 1972 – 1976 Power struggle between
the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wife
the “moderates”, led by Premier Zhou Enlai and Hua Guofeng

14. Mao and Zhou Died in 1976 Turning point in China’s postwar era
The fate of Deng Xiaoping
Mao and Zhou Enlai dies leaving Hua Guofeng in power. Hua has the Gang of Four arrested and turns power over to Deng Xiaoping
Arrest marks the end of the Cultural Revolution

15. Reforms and Opening up Economic modernization became focus
US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979
Ping Pong Diplomacy (opened the way for re-opening of China-US relations)
President Richard Nixon knew mending relations with China would be critical in the future

16. Ping Pong Diplomacy of 1971 (USA & CHINA)
According to one PBS article, “One of the first public hints of improved U.S. – China relations came on April 6, 1971, when the American Ping-Pong team, in Japan for the 31st World Table Tennis Championships, received a surprise invitation from their Chinese colleagues for an all-expense paid visit to the P.R.C.
Time magazine called it “The ping heard round the world.” Ushering in a new era of “Ping Pong Diplomacy,” they were the first group of Americans allowed in China since the Communist takeover in 1949.

18. China and Deng Xiaoping
World Cultures
East Asia Unit
China

19. Policy of Four Modernizations
Agriculture
Expand Industry
Develop Science and Technology
Upgrade China’s defense forces
*5th – Democracy ?
Democracy Wall – 1979 in Beijing

20. Responsibility System
Each farmer is responsible for making their own living
Each farmer responsible for selling a certain amount to the government at a fixed price
All surplus is yours to keep and either eat or sell on open market
Effects:
Profits encouraged more production
Private enterprise
Did not label this capitalism

21. Deng Xiaoping “It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice.” “Poverty is not socialism. To be rich is glorious.”
Dismantled collective farming
Lifted price controls
Allowed private (market based economy) enterprise in special free market zones

23. Special Economic Zones
Areas where Chinese investors and entrepreneurs could start businesses with little government intervention
Increased migration
Increased outside investment in China

25. Measures of Success world’s largest economy at the end of 2008
world’s fastest growing economy
second largest consumer of oil
largest producer of steel, coal, and cement
Admitted into World Trade Organization in 2001
2006 trade surplus with the United States was $233 billion

26. Effects at Home Social change – linking people with outside world
The environment
Financial fragility – overheated economy
Income Gap: Economic development has taken place in the eastern coastal provinces, leaving the rural interior underdeveloped
Increase in urban poor

27. Concerns of Trading Partners
Human rights abuses
Health and safety concerns
Value of China’s currency
Environment