1. Application of Genetic Engineering

2. Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic: one organism contains genes from a different species.
Genetic Engineering: moves a gene from one organism to another.

3. Fireflies and Tobacco Plants

4. Bacteria Bacteria as transgenic organisms Bacteria are used to produce
easy to grow
reproduce fast
Bacteria are used to produce
insulin & cancer fighting substances
materials for plastics & synthetic fibers
compounds cheaply and in abundance

5. Genetically Modified Fish?

6. Transgenic Animals Used to study genes and improve food supply
Mice: to study human immune system
Livestock: grow leaner and faster
Chickens: resistant to bacterial infections
In the future: sheep and pigs that have human proteins in their milk.

7. Transgenic Animals

8. Transgenic Plants
In 2000, 52% of soybeans & 25% of corn were transgenic, or genetically modified (GM)
produce natural insecticides
resistant to pesticides
Rice that contains Vitamin A
Future:
Antibodies
Plastics
Won’t rot and spoil

9. Transgenic Tobacco

10. Genetically Modified Organisms

11. Bt Cotton

12. Cloning
Clone: a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
Easy to grow clone bacteria colonies, but difficult for multicellular organisms.
Pro: save endangered species
Con: genetic defects & health problems

13. Dolly In 1997, Ian Wilmut cloned a sheep, Dolly
Nucleus of an egg cell is removed & fused with another adult cell
Embryo is placed in foster mother

14. Cloned Cattle