1. Atmosphere Basics

2. Composition
The combination of distinct parts to make a whole

3. Ozone
O3- three molecules of oxygen chemically combined. It is important b/c it absorbs UV light (UV light causes skin cancer)

4. Troposphere
The layer closest to the earth. Contains most of the mass including water. Weather occurs here.

5. Stratosphere
Layer above the troposphere. Made mostly of ozone. (temp increases at the top)

6. mesosphere
The atmosphere layer above the stratosphere. Temperature decreases as you go up.

7. thermosphere
The layer above the mesosphere. Very little air is present. Temperature gets as hot as 1000 degrees C.

8. exosphere
The outermost layer of the atmosphere. It contains light gases like H and He.

9. Radiation
The transfer of energy through space by visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and other electromagnetic radiation.

11. Conduction
The transfer of energy when molecules collide (energy transfer from earth to the close atmosphere)

12. Convection
The transfer of energy by the flow of a heated substance (water or air). Warm water or air rises and cold falls!

13. Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere

14. Details—fill in the blanks
Nitrogen (78%)
Oxygen (21 %)
Water vapor and carbon dioxide
Vary
Energy
Changes state

15. Details cont. Dust, salt, ice Ozone Oxygen molecules
Neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, xenon.

16. Compare and contrast Troposphere Gets cooler as you go up
Layer
Temp . Variation
Composition
Special characteristics
Troposphere
Gets cooler as you go up
Water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen, trace gases
Weather occurs here
Stratosphere
Gets hotter as you go up
Ozone
Absorbs UV light
Mesosphere
Protects Earth from meteors. Coldest region of the atmosphere.
Thermosphere
Gets hotter as you go up. (< 1000 degrees Celsius)
Very few air molecules

17. Solar fundamentals Movement of energy Radiation
Occurs when electromagnetic waves move through space

18. Conduction
Occurs when molecules collide

19. Convection
Occurs when materials flow

20. Effect
Reflected by the atmosphere
Absorbed by the atmosphere
Absorbed by the Earth’s surface
Reflected from Earth’s surface
Reflected from clouds
percent 6 15 50 4 25

22. Real world connection
The ban on CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) protects the stratosphere because a main component of this layer is ozone. CFCs break down ozone. This is important because ozone absorbs UV light (which causes skin cancer)

24. p. 277
1. Water vapor helps regulate the temperature of the Earth’s surface by absorbing and releasing heat.
2. The stratosphere gets hotter at the top because it contains significant ozone concentration. Ozone absorbs UV radiation and heats up.
3. Gases in the atmosphere are from most to least: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor.

25. 4. The temperatures in the city will be hotter because the pavement absorbs solar heat, but then releases it back to the environment. In the country much of the heat will be held in plants.